Constitutionalism as a solution to despotism and imperialism: the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in the Ottoman-Turkish press

This article contributes to the growing scholarship on the connections between the Ottoman and Iranian revolutions by exploring Ottomans’ reactions to and portrayal of the constitutional struggle in Iran. Based on an examination of primary sources that have not been utilized before, it reveals how an ideologically diverse group of intellectuals tried to link the two revolutions together in the Ottoman-Turkish press, focusing on shared problems and ideals. It demonstrates that undergoing a revolutionary process themselves, these intellectuals interpreted the events in Iran through the prism of their own experiences and used them to garner support for the constitutional regime at home. Through their depictions of the Iranian revolution, they not only portrayed the 1908 Revolution as part of a broader struggle against despotism and imperialism with significant implications for the Islamic world, but also conveyed the message that the Ottoman constitution needed to be supported and protected so that it did not fail like the one in Iran.     

Environmental Stressors and Food Security in China

This article considers the immediate forces influencing China’s food system and food security. By immediate is meant events of the reform period, from the late 1970s to 2008. It begins by asking the question that has preoccupied specialists since the publication of Lester Brown’s Who Will Feed China? in 1995: How much arable land does China have? Is that land area sufficient to insure grain sufficiency? To insure food security? The article focuses on the human pressures on the food production environment, and then treats the effects of socioeconomic change: land, air, and water degradation. The core of the article examines six responses of the state to both perceived and actual environmental stressors: policy restricting arable land conversion, China’s one-child policy, investment in irrigation systems, the South–North Water Diversion Project, large-scale afforestation and reforestation campaigns, and the program to convert marginal agricultural lands to forests and grasslands.     

CCTV监控系统、犯罪预防与虚拟侦查

侦查工作的信息化是虚拟侦查得以展开的必要条件,在信息的采集和使用领域,CCTV监控系统对于虚拟侦查具有不可低估的重要作用。通过制定规范的CCTV监控程序,建立有效的内部和外部监督制约机制,能够确保CCTV监控系统得到合法、有效地运用,并且避免公民的隐私权遭到不应有的侵犯。     

我国政府雇员制的发展趋势展望——《公务员法》颁布后的政府雇员制度

政府雇员制在我国是新兴事物.但由于此项制度必须以公务员制度的充分发展为先决条件,而目前我国的公务员制度仍未完善,这就注定政府雇员制度不会有好的发展前景.缺乏法律依据,产生程序过于随意和忽视对政府雇员权益的保护,更使这项制度的前景十分黯淡.     

中国行政审批制度的结构与历史变迁——基于历史制度主义的分析范式

用历史制度主义的分析范式,检视中国行政审批制度的结构与历史变迁,是解读该项制度变迁全貌的一个新的视角.国家宏大制度背景决定行政审批制度的选择,国家制度背景的变迁也导致行政审批制度的不断变更与革新;各种相关政治变量,包括经济水平、利益关系以及意识形态等因素与行政审批制度之间存在一种序列结构,行政审批制度与其它政府政策或制度之间也存在类似的序列结构,这种政治变量序列结构使行政审批制度处于一个制度矩阵当中,影响并制约着行政审批制度的安排;制度与制度制定及执行者之行为的互动模式则推动行政审批制度的变迁.行政审批制度变迁具有路径依赖性,也存在"历史否决点",而制度激励和制度创新是打破"历史否决点",提升制度绩效的必要手段.为此,行政审批制度的进一步变迁需要重塑政府理念,打造治理型政府,并转变政府职能,推进行政体制改革.而且,行政审批制度的进一步变迁必须契合社会主义市场经济体制的客观需要,适应加入WTO新形势的迫切要求.     

绩效问责与乡镇政府回应行为——基于Y乡案例的分析

以Y乡为案例,从问责的主客体关系、问责机制的定位与内容、问责机制的流程与方式等方面对绩效问责机制的分析表明,目标责任制这种绩效问责机制并不具备较高的问责质量;正式的问责机制会导致乡镇政府从事于非正式行为,而问责客体特征则可能是解释其正式行为的主要因素。     

The Electoral Cycle and Multi-Level Voting in Germany

The aim of this contribution is to analyse whether Land elections may (have) become uncoupled from the federal electoral process, and, if they have, to explore the implications for party competition in Germany. Initially, an overview is presented of the relevant theoretical models that can help unpack the relationship between different electoral arenas. Secondly, how these ideas have been applied to national and sub-national electoral competition in Germany is outlined, before an examination of the 'fit' of the data in both the pre- and post-unification periods. We conclude with reflections on two key features that have regularly surfaced in Gordon Smith's writings: party system change and political stability.     

毛泽东的文化观与政治信仰

毛泽东的文化观与其政治信仰是密不可分的。"大众化"是毛泽东文化观的一个显著特征。毛泽东认为,无产阶级革命开辟了文化大众化的新时代,文化应该为人民大众服务,为社会主义服务。发展民族的、科学的、大众的文化,坚持"二为"方向和"双百"方针,通过自下而上的群众性的"文化革命"运动,克服党内的非无产阶级思想,提高人民群众的政治觉悟,从而坚持社会主义方向,巩固马克思主义的政治信仰。这是晚年毛泽东建设社会主义文化的一个主导思想。探讨毛泽东文化观与政治信仰之间的关系,对于我们今天发展中国特色的社会主义文化、坚持党的群众路线、推进马克思主义大众化工作都具有重大启发意义。     

能动司法的实现条件——一个中美比较的视角

近年来,司法能动作为一种与司法克制相对的司法意识形态,引起国内法学界和实务界的关注,很多学者和法官倡导在司法实践中应该充分发挥法官的自由裁量权,实行＂能动的司法＂。但是,能动司法的实现需要多方面条件和因素来支持,否则实行能动司法于法治是不利的。通过比较中美两国在法律文化、法律制度等方面的差异,分析美国能动司法的实现条件,发现中国的不足,有利于推动中国实行有限的＂能动司法＂,构建和谐的法治社会。     

关于高校理工科学生素质体系建设探析

高校理工科学生是经济发展和现代化建设的科技骨干和中坚力量,他们能否成为德才兼备的创新型人才,很大程度上取决于素质教育的成败。目前高校理工科学生素质体系建设尚存在一些不足,针对现状,从思想品德素质、科学素质、人文素质、心理素质四个方面对学生素质体系建设做了具体阐述,形成了完整的体系建设建议,通过探索和实践,使高校理工科学生更加适应社会发展的需要。