Intangible heritage: traditional medicine and knowledge governance

Legal context: Although traditional medicine constitutes a component part ofthe identity of the cultural communities concerned, this formof intangible cultural heritage is vulnerable in a globalizingworld where little place is left for the protection of beliefsystems. Key points: While much has been written on traditional knowledge and IPrights, less scholarly attention has focused on the culturaldimension of traditional medicine. Further, no solution hasbeen reached on the best way to ensure its protection. Thiscontribution attempts to establish a linkage between differentsectors of international law, addressing the complex interplaybetween traditional medicine, intended as a special form ofintangible cultural heritage, and international knowledge governance. While the TRIPS Agreement adopts only proprietary approachesto knowledge governance, it has been questioned whether, inthe case of pharmaceuticals, other non-proprietary approacheswould be preferable. Different approaches will be put forwardand the Draft Treaty on Medical Research and Development willbe considered. This would provide a better framework for safeguardingand diffusing traditional medicine. Practical significance: Protecting and promoting traditional medicine may help curingdiseases spread all over the world. Thus, beyond its culturalaspects, the practical importance of traditional medicine liesin its capacity to promote the right to health and human dignity.     

公安机关实施知识产权刑事保护的对策思考

我国知识产权刑事保护面临国际与国内双重压力,形势严峻。公安机关作为刑事执法部门,应加大对知识产权领域犯罪的打击力度,但目前仍面临着刑事立法缺陷以及公安经侦自身条件、公安与行政执法、与国际刑事司法部门沟通协作方面的重重障碍。公安机关必须积极开展经侦基础理论研究,重塑侦查理念与侦查模式,密切与行政执法部门的协作关系,并不断拓展境内外知识产权执法合作空间。     

网络攻击追踪方法的技术分析与实现模型

本文分析了IP地址追踪方法,结合现有的入侵检测技术提出了网络攻击源追踪系统的模型,阐述了该系统的体系结构和各部分的主要功能,给出了利用相关性分析对攻击者的攻击路径进行回溯的基本思想,对网络安全管理具有一定的借鉴意义。     

慢性乙醇中毒小鼠脑神经细胞IP3R1表达的变化

目的研究慢性乙醇中毒引起小鼠脑神经细胞Ⅰ型1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体（IP3R1）表达的变化。方法 40只小鼠随机分为90d、180d组,各组再分为正常对照组、10%、20%、30%乙醇组,每组5只,乙醇组给予相应浓度乙醇饮用至相应时间;取各组小鼠脑组织,分别采用免疫组化和Western blot方法检测脑皮质神经细胞IP3R1表达的变化;SPSS 13.0软件对实验数据进行单因素方差分析。结果正常IP3R1免疫组化染色物分布于神经细胞胞浆内。90d组随乙醇浓度的增加,IP3R1免疫组化阳性细胞数和阳性细胞率逐步增加,组间比较,差异显著（P〈0.05）;180d组中10%、20%乙醇组阳性细胞数和阳性细胞率逐步增加,组间比较,差异显著（P〈0.05）,而30%乙醇组阳性细胞数和阳性细胞率反而减少,且低于90d组的相同浓度组（P〈0.05）。Western blot与免疫组化检测结果基本一致。结论慢性乙醇中毒可引起小鼠大脑皮质神经细胞IP3R1表达增加,而高浓度（30%）、长时间（180d）乙醇使IP3R1表达降低,可能与神经细胞变性、坏死、数目减少有关。     

知识产权基本法之构建

知识产权基本法的制定意义重大.知识产权基本法,是指统一调整和规范知识财产的支配关系的法律规范.知识产权基本法为形式意义上的知识产权法,是各知识产权单行法的母法,性质为私法.我国知识产权基本法的立法应采取三步走的步骤:第一步是制定知识产权基本法,第二步是在民法典中制定知识产权法编,第三步是制定知识产权法典.     

防火墙技术分析

Internet的迅速发展给现代人的生产和生活都带来了前所未有的飞跃,大大提高了工作效率,丰富了人们的生活,弥补了人们的精神空缺;而与此同时给人们带来了一个日益严峻的问题——网络安全。网络的安全性成为当今最热门的话题之一,很多企业为了保障自身服务器或数据安全都采用了防火墙。随着科技的发展,防火墙也逐渐被大众所接受。本文阐述了防火墙工作的方式,以及防火墙的基本分类,并且讨论了每一种防火墙的优缺点。     

全球化时代的知识产权犯罪及其防治

当今世界许多国家都在采取不断修订国内知识产权法和制定合适的知识产权保护政策等手段,以适应国际经济发展以及国际竞争的需要。本文分析了我国知识产权犯罪的现状和特点,并从知识产权自身的特点、我国的知识产权制度、经济、文化和法制等方面对我国的知识产权犯罪原因进行剖析,在此基础上提出我国知识产权犯罪的防治措施。     

人民币升值压力下的农产品贸易壁垒问题

发达国家鼓动的人民币升值问题给中国的农产品贸易带来了更为严重的壁垒问题。发达国家与发展中国家的农业利益之争、动植物卫生检疫措施、知识产权都会成为农产品贸易的巨大障碍。     

后TRIPS协议时代的贸易协定与知识产权条款

TRIPS协议建立了全球统一的知识产权基准之后,世界知识产权组织(WIPO)接着制定了两个因特网版权条约。国际知识产权法和政策多以双边、多边、地区性的形式出现。从上个世纪90年代中期开始,国际上达成更高知识产权保护标准协议的场合也从WIPO和WTO转向了自由贸易协议(FTAs),并且与知识产权条款的关系呈现出新的特点。     

The beginning of university entrepreneurship in Japan: TLOs and bioventures lead the way

Following reforms between 1998 and 2004, Japan’s technology transfer system closely resembles the U.S. Bayh-Dole system. Numbers of TLO patents and licenses and numbers of startups are respectable compared to U.S. numbers shortly after enactment of Bayh-Dole. However, capabilities of TLOs vary, average royalties are low, and business prospects for most startups seem limited. In contrast, joint research with companies is increasing rapidly. Most joint research inventions are jointly owned giving the companies an automatic de facto, non-transferable, royalty-free and license. Data from one university show a large proportion of engineering and materials/chemistry inventions are attributed to joint research with large companies, thus limiting opportunities for startup formation and licensing to other small companies. (In biomedicine, pre-emption of discoveries by joint research is less.) Pre-emption of university discoveries (often publicly funded) under joint research agreements recreates the pre-reform system, where corporate donations also enabled pre-emption of discoveries. Like the old system, the new system is advantageous to established companies. Strengthening the formal system (including programs to assist startups) may redress this balance and give Japan the benefits of both types of technology transfer systems.