美国宪法所体现的平衡原则

美国宪法是一部对世界格局影响深远的杰作。本文分析了美国宪法制订的背景,以及美国宪法运作成功的重要因素——其自身蕴含的平衡机制。在美国宪法制订过程中,宪法制定者们最重视的就是各种因素之间的平衡,其核心是参议院与众议院之间的平衡,立法权、行政权和司法权三者之间的平衡、州与联邦之间的平衡,其中这一切平衡都以人民主权为基础。     

试论人大制度作用在法律文本与政治现实上的不对称

政治文明的精髓是关键在于制度建设.作为我国根本政治制度和民主政治建设重要载体的人大制度,在社会主义政治文明建设中具有无可替代的重要作用,但其作用在法律文本与政治现实上存在明显的不对称,需要通过优化人大工作环境、完善根本政治制度、扩大公民政治参与等途径,使人大制度作用得以充分发挥,从而推进社会主义政治文明建设.     

从全国代表大会到全国政策论坛——英国工党决策机制的变迁及其评价

1997年英国工党在大选中获胜后,决策机制发生了重大变化,由党的全国代表大会方式转变为全国政策论坛程序.其目的是让更多的普通党员参与到党的政策制定过程中,建立一个包容的、民主的新工党.     

孙中山五权宪制中的国民大会

国民大会是孙中山后期五权宪制架构中的一个重要权力结构。从这一结构所承载的功能来看，它首先是一种“民主”的制度安排；同时，作为中央政制中针对政府权力的“结构性制约因素”，它又具有“宪政”的意义。章力图分析这一机构所折射出的政治理念的基本取向及其自身存在的问题。     

论实现人大法律监督权的保障

本文认为 ,提升人大代表的心理素质和智力素质是实现人大法律监督权的根本保障 ,完善监督组织体系在其中具有基础性地位 ,而强化制度保障成为监督权从应然权力向实然权力转化的支柱。     

论证券民事侵权赔偿案件的诉讼方式

司法解释对证券民事侵权赔偿案件的诉讼方式的规定引起很大争议 ,实践中也引发许多问题。在对集团诉讼的特征及其在证券民事赔偿案件中适用的必要性进行分析的同时 ,需要探究最高人民法院排除集团诉讼的真正原因。我国如果引进集团诉讼 ,必须处理好几个关键问题     

论学习贯彻十七大文件的重大意义和基本精神

党的十七大是在我国改革发展关键阶段召开的一次十分重要的大会。要从政治的高度、理论的深度以及工作的需要等方面深刻认识学习贯彻十七大文件的重要意义,领会文件的基本精神。十七大文件的基本精神重点强调三个方面:一是强调要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜;二是强调要深入贯彻落实科学发展观;三是强调要为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。     

Towards understanding Botswana and South Africa’s ambivalence to liberal democracy

ABSTRACT

Despite their recognised democratic successes, Botswana and South Africa have had ambivalent experiences with liberal democracy. It is contended that they fall somewhere in-between what scholars refer to as electoral and liberal democracies; dominant party systems within Carothers’ ‘gray zone’. Two explanations are offered. The first relates to the underlying political culture of the ruling elite: the liberal democratic values of the founders and early elites of both the African National Congress (ANC) and the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) were never fully embedded; instead, their political cultures were influenced by traditions and ideologies with illiberal values. The second explanation focuses on a key feature of a liberal democracy – restraining of power, namely through encouraging an autonomous civil society and limiting executive access to the state. It is argued that for fear of losing their dominant positions, the ANC and the BDP resist restraints on their access to state power.     

Giving credit when credit is due: credit giving to the president in the United States Congress

How do members of the US Congress give credit when credit is due for political achievements? Focusing on an important credit giving scenario – credit giving to the president of the United States – this research suggests that credit giving is a form of non-roll call position taking and members give credit in a way that is reflective of individual, institutional, and constituency factors. Using an original data set composed of the official congressional statements concerning the death of Osama bin Laden, findings suggest the proximate decision to issue a statement is related to individual and institutional factors. Within the issued statements, however, credit giving is primarily driven by presidential popularity in the constituency. In addition to being less predictable in their credit giving behaviour, members of the Senate are less likely to give credit than their colleagues in the House of Representatives. Finally, Republican women in the House of Representatives are less likely to give the president credit than other members.     

从新时期六次党代会报告看中共对台政策的演变及经验

新时期六次党代会报告对台湾问题的阐述集中反映了各个时期中共对台政策的凝结和创新。通过对六次党代会报告的具体考察发现,三十年来中共在对台政策上实现了"一个中国"原则由传统表述向新内涵阐释,由突出"和平统一"的目的性到突出"两岸关系和平发展主题"的过程性,以及由"两个寄希望于"到构建"命运共同体"的三次重要转变。坚持原则性与灵活性相结合,实事求是制定各项政策;坚持目的性与过程性相结合,重视目的性,突出过程性;坚持务虚性与务实性相结合,重视务虚性,突出务实性是新时期对台政策的重要经验。