论人民代表大会制度的改革和完善

改革和完善人民代表大会制度应从以下方面着手:改革选举制度,扩大直接选举范围,差额选举国家机关正职领导人,实行以竞争为中心的公开公正的选举程序;改革代表制度,人大代表要与企业家身份脱离,政府官员不宜兼任人大代表;调整人大及其常委会的功能,扩大常委会立法权,实行常委会的专职化;改革人代会的议事程序和议事方式,延长会期,由常委会全体会议审议法案;改革人大常委会工作机构的工作方式,为人大代表及常委会组成人员提供更全面有效的服务。     

关于中国政治体制改革的理论思考

改革开放以来,关于政治体制改革的研究成果很多,但鲜有从党代会报告的角度进行研究的。而作为改革两大主体工程之一,十二大以来,政治体制改革成为历届党代会报告的重要内容,报告成为中国政治体制改革的指挥棒和指南针。本文拟从党代会报告的角度对中国政治体制改革进行分析和探讨,着重谈了党政关系改革、选举制度改革、行政体制改革、依法治国和社会主义政治文明几个方面。     

十六大的历史地位与主题

中国的改革开放和现代化建设发展到今天,要求我们继续前进,在人民生活总体上达到小康水平的基础上,建设更高水平的小康社会。全面建设小康社会的目标,是历史向我们提出的课题。我们党必须勇敢地担负起这个历史任务。全面建设小康社会,这是实现现代化建设第三步战略目标必经的承上启下的发展阶段,在整个社会主义初级阶段具有很重要的地位。十六大无疑是党的历史上一个重要的里程碑。     

地方人大常委会的设立及其变迁

地方人大常委会并不是和人大制度同时诞生,它是改革开放后加强民主与法制建设的产物,它的设立使地方人大成为更有权威的人民权力机关。对"一府两院"的监督是宪法赋予地方人大常委会的重要职能,但应对监督的范围和方式予以明确规定。对"一府两院"的监督应包括"违宪监督",对"两院"行使监督权时以不干涉司法独立为限。     

Explaining Explanations: How Legislators Explain their Policy Positions and How Citizens React

Legislators claim that how they explain their votes matters as much as or more than the roll calls themselves. However, few studies have systematically examined legislators’ explanations and citizen attitudes in response to these explanations. We theorize that legislators strategically tailor explanations to constituents in order to compensate for policy choices that are incongruent with constituent preferences, and to reinforce policy choices that are congruent. We conduct a within‐subjects field experiment using U.S. senators as subjects to test this hypothesis. We then conduct a between‐subjects survey experiment of ordinary people to see how they react to the explanatory strategies used by senators in the field experiment. We find that most senators tailor their explanations to their audiences, and that these tailored explanations are effective at currying support—especially among people who disagree with the legislators’ roll‐call positions.     

Zambia: The First Fifty Years

As Zambia completes 50 years of independence from British rule, an assessment of the present state of the country is topical. This article argues that, for all the setbacks that Zambia has suffered over the past half century, substantial progress has been made in a number of areas and that the Zambian people have maximised the opportunities that this progress has generated.     

Congressional Activism in the Foreign Policy Arena: A Case Study of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide

This article analyzes congressional activism during an international crisis. Using the 1994 Rwandan genocide as a case, this study explores executive–congressional relations during a time when immediate policy responses are needed. A content analysis of policy statements made during committees, on the House floor, and on the Senate floor is used to investigate the specific policy ideas proposed by members of Congress. The models presented pay particular attention to the actions of Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) members, in relation to other more common predictors of congressional activism. In addition to the results for CBC members, other conclusions indicate that foreign policy leaders in Congress are international affairs policy experts without serious concerns of being defeated in their next election.     

充满创新精神的马克思主义中国化的光辉文献

十七大报告创造性地提出了中国特色社会主义理论体系,是对新时期我们党创新理论的科学整合,揭示了改革开放是决定我们国家民族未来的希望之路,使马克思主义中国化达到一个新的高度.以党的十七大为标志,中国特色社会主义事业处于一个新的历史起点.     

浅析职代会审议职权

审议权是职代会基本职权之一,特别是在改革日趋深化阶段,更是承担着维护职工合法权益的责任。但是由于审议权的权限,它与其他职权的行使范围和程度还是有所不同,因此,在实际工作中,准确区别审议职权的工作内容、工作对象和工作性质是非常必要的一件大事。     

党委与人大关系的历史考察

研究党委与人大的关系,需要考察人民代表大会制度产生发展的历史过程。共产党是人大制度的设计、创建和领导者,人民代表大会是共产党实现执政和作为执政党地位的法律根据所在。两者相得益彰,相互促进。在中国,共产党与人民代表大会制度和谐相处,有机统一,共同为推动人民利益的实现和社会的发展服务,积累了许多宝贵的历史经验。但在规范党委与人大的关系方面还存在一些薄弱环节。要正视这些薄弱环节,与时俱进,开拓创新,做好科学规范党委与人大关系的工作。