论民商法价值取向的异同及其对我国民商立法的影响

民法和商法作为调整市场经济关系的重要法律制度,既有密切联系又有一定区别。其区分依据除了要考虑法律的调整对象之外,立法价值取向的差异也是一个非常重要的因素。民法的最高价值取向是公平,立法上采取的是公平优先原则;而商法的最高价值取向则是效益,立法上采取的是效益优先原则。正确认识民法和商法在价值取向上的不同,无论对于理论研究还是司法实践都具有非常重要的意义。     

学风建设是党校建设的根本

学风建设是党的作风建设的重要内容 ,学风从实质上讲是对待马克思主义的根本态度问题。在学风建设上 ,最容易犯的错误就是教条主义和主观主义 ,表现在理论上是脱离实际 ,思想保守僵化 ,不思进取。要坚持马克思主义的学风 ,必须坚持实事求是的思想路线 ,坚持理论联系实际的优良作风 ,与时俱进 ,开拓创新 ,逐步在党校形成认真学习、民主讨论、积极探索、求真务实的良好学风。     

试析黑社会性质组织犯罪的防控措施

经过“打黑除恶”专项斗争,全国的“黑恶势力”得到了有效遏制。但由于在相当长的一段时间内,我国仍将处于社会转型时期,“黑恶势力”赖以滋生或生存的“土壤”和条件依然存在。应从宏观防控、微观防控、心理防控、改造回归等四个方面对黑社会性质组织犯罪进行有效防控。     

Advance notice as a means of reducing relative deprivation

Considerable research has documented that global perceptions of proceduralv fairness are associated with reductions in relative deprivation (RD). Less research has examined the specific process elements that lead individuals to perceive procedural fairness. In view of this, several researchers have suggested that providing advance notice concerning a negative decision increases perceived justice and thereby lowers levels of RD. Unfortunately, the evidence for this causal relationship is currently limited and is based upon a small number of correlation and role-playing studies. Thus, the present paper reports on two experimental studies that investigate the causal relationship between advance notice and RD. Findings in Study 1 showed that advance notice impacted the cognitive aspects of RD but not the affective or behavioral aspects. However, some methodological limitations were identified. These were corrected and a second experiment was conducted. This time advance notice lowered both the cognitive and affective aspects of RD but still did not impact the behavioral measure. Results are discussed in terms of Tyler's (1987) group value model.     

The intellectual adolescence of organizational justice: You've come a long way,maybe

To highlight the advances and limitations in the study of organizational justice as reflected by the articles in this issue, the field is characterized as being in its intellectual adolescence. Following this analogy, some signs of scientific maturity are noted. Among these are (a) increased attention to the connections between organizational justice and various organizational processes, (b) expanded efforts toward conceptual refinement, and (c) greater reliance on research conducted in natural settings. At the same time, the adolescent state of the field is also marked by its intellectual awkwardness and immaturity. Indications of this include (a) the absence of guiding theory, (b) an underdeveloped research agenda, and (c) an overreliance on the use of ad hoc measurements. Based on these limitations, suggestions are made for ways of nurturing the field's development. The article concludes with an optimistic vision of tomorrow's field of organizational justice.     

论《水浒传》梁山聚义的起因、性质和结局

《水浒传》中梁山英雄们进行的是一次自发的对上层统治集团的暴力反抗活动，不是一场有预先准备，精心组织的农民起义，他们被“逼上梁山”，从个体来看，大多并不是由于朝廷的压迫，而是由于自身的原因或为梁山集团所逼，但是从群体的角度来看，这么多人被逼上梁山，仍然反映了深刻的社会危机，从这一角度来看，《水浒传》仍然表达了“官逼民反”的思想，只是这“民”主要是流民阶层，正是由于其流民集团的性质，导致其最后走上失败之路，因此，梁山招安就具有必然性。     

Workplace justice and employee worth

Distributive and procedural justice gain new meaning in light of other distinctions about how organizations value employees (the employees' “worth”). Fair compensation gives employees worth as achieved status: how the employee is like some employees (similarly rewarded) and not like others (dissimilarly rewarded). But employees also want to be treated uniquely as individuals and in other ways to be treated like all other employees, both reflecting worth as ascribed status. Such worth need not involve the distribution of outcomes; it can be gained if procedures function as ends in themselves. Different types of worth thus become the source of different criteria for justice. Based on a paper entitled “Justice as Worth,” which was prepared for the Third International Conference on Social Justice research (held in the Netherlands during July 1991).     

合作作品含义探析

我国著作权立法对合作作品的定义没有做出正面、明确的规定,导致学说和实践对合作作品的认定存在很大的分歧。应该坚持制度创新,将合作作品认定为“由数位作者付出独创性劳动、并且各自的创作意图和合理期望均指向该部以最终形式表现出来的、同一部完整的共同作品。”     

社会公平正文的制度经济学分析

实现和维护社会公平正义,是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键。本文从制度经济学视角对社会公平正义进行了分析,指出它的制度属性和所具有的强制性、局限性、承接性和阶段性特征,探讨了关于社会公平正义的制度变迁的诱致原因,提出了进行社会公平正义制度建设的几点建议。     

论“联俄制日”外交的形成及其对《中俄密约》的影响

19世纪末，面对日本对中国的侵略，李鸿章等人秉承“以夷制夷”的外交思想，采取了“联俄制日”的外交政策，即利用俄国和日本在华利益冲突，使之彼此制约，以达到抵制日本侵略、保护自己的目的。但是，由于清政府的腐朽，“联俄制日”不仅没有达到“制日”的目的，反而被俄所利用，同俄国签订了《中俄密约》，为俄国扩大对华侵略打开了方便之门。