针刺麻醉文献研究的内容与方法

针刺麻醉的基础研究虽然主要以现代科学技术为手段,但追溯针刺麻醉的源流与发展、廓清针刺麻醉的临床与研究实践、总结针刺麻醉的理论与技术方法,仍需在足够的古今文献依据基础上完成。古代针刺麻醉文献虽然内容丰富,但整理研究相对薄弱;现代相关文献报道数量较大,但缺乏系统总结。今后针刺麻醉文献研究工作应包括针刺麻醉文献的汇集整理研究、针刺麻醉文献资源数字化规范及标准研究、针刺镇痛与针刺麻醉文献的综合研究、针刺麻醉优势病种的特异性腧穴研究、针刺麻醉的中医理论研究5个方面。     

坚守中医学核心内涵是高等中医教育的根本

中医学的核心内涵是病机的主体地位及其审证求因、审因论治的构建过程,表现为关系中心论;西医学的核心内涵是基于解剖学的靶点金标准,表现为实体中心论。中西医学的核心内涵是认识中西医学差异的出发点,也是消除当代高等中医教育所面临的困惑——公众不了解中医科学体系的前提。按照中医学的自身规律对现有的课程体系、教学内容和教学方法进行改革是解决上述困惑的必由之路,而中医学专业教师对于中医学核心内涵的把握是其中的关键。     

数据要素对制造业高质量发展的影响——来自制造业上市公司微观视角的经验证据

随着数字经济与实体经济的不断融合发展,数据已经成为经济发展进程中的关键生产要素。基于手工整理的2011—2020年我国A股制造业上市公司年报数据的研究表明：制造业高质量发展是企业研发创新、生产制造、市场匹配三个环节整体联动实现更高效率发展的一种高级状态。数据要素能够显著促进我国制造业高质量发展,且主要是通过关键性技术突破与知识创新的研发创新效应、生产流程优化与协同的生产协同效应产生影响,但市场匹配效应尚未完全显现;数据要素对我国制造业高质量发展的推动作用在非国有企业、高技术密集度行业与东部地区更加显著。研究结论为数字经济时代下我国如何激活数据要素潜能、推进传统产业转型升级提供了政策启示。     

我国劳动关系研究的历史回顾与未来展望：基于1949—2021年的文献分析

从历史维度回顾我国的劳动关系研究,总结具有中国特色的劳动关系管理经验,对于指导中国和谐劳动关系的构建具有重要意义。研究基于我国不同阶段的发展目标对劳动关系的影响,将1949—2021年我国劳动关系的研究划分为5个阶段,并进行分阶段的可视化分析。在此基础上,从政府、企业和劳动者3个劳动关系核心主体回顾每个阶段的研究主题,梳理我国劳动关系研究的演进过程。本研究提出巩固中国共产党在劳动关系工作中的领导地位、探究政府构建和谐劳动关系的路径、挖掘企业社会责任履行的方式等未来我国劳动关系的主要研究命题,构建了中国情境下劳动关系的研究模型并提出了劳动关系实践的发展方向。     

论出卖人返还财产请求权的属性及限制——以合同被撤销为切入点

因为我国法在物权变动模式上未采纳物权形式主义的立场,故当买卖合同被撤销后,出卖人请求返还买卖标的物的权利兼具不当得利返还请求权这一债权请求权和原物返还请求权这一物权请求权的双重权利属性。出卖人请求返还买卖标的物这一权利是否适用诉讼时效,应根据权利人请求权基础及标的物类型予以区别:若权利人主张行使不当得利返还请求权,不论返还标的物是动产还是不动产,均适用诉讼时效;若权利人主张行使原物返还请求权,仅在返还标的物属于普通动产或未登记特殊动产时,才有适用诉讼时效的空间。基于有效维护交易安全、保护当事人合法权益的考量,出卖人请求返还买卖标的物的权利不能对抗善意占有的第三人,且不论第三人所享有的是物权还是债权。未来制定我国民法典司法解释宜对此加以明确规定。     

信息时代社交网络服务商法律责任体系的反思与重构——以微博平台谣言的预防和制裁为视角

信息社会背景下,人类进入全媒体时代,社交网络服务商作为新的"守门人",理应成为防控微博谣言的重要一环。然而,基于重"用户"轻"平台"的传统立法理念,社交网络服务商的法律责任体系存在明显缺陷。顺应网络社会代际发展规律,以"平台责任"为中心,重新构建对社交网络服务商进行的法律责任体系,是完善微博谣言法律规范体系的重要内容。     

Is the genie out of the bottle? Digital platforms and the future of clinical trials

Is it possible to conduct impartial clinical trials in a world full of digital networking tools that patients can use to coordinate themselves and act against research protocols? This paper builds on an ethnography of PatientsLikeMe, a company running an internet social media network where patients with different conditions share their clinical data with standardized questionnaires. The company faced a serious dilemma in 2011 when some ALS patients, members of the site, started sharing data about a phase II clinical trial of an experimental drug (NP001) in which some of them were participating, to anticipate the experiment’s outcomes and understand each one’s allocation over trial arms. In parallel, some other patients were using the site and other web tools to coordinate and run their own replication of the trial with homebrew mixes of industrial grade chemicals. PatientsLikeMe researchers reflected on their position as networks managers and eventually decided to use the collected data to develop their own analysis of the efficacy of the original compound, and of the homebrewers’ compound. They presented the NP001 events as a case in point for articulating a new social contract for clinical research. This paper analyses these events, first, by understanding the clinical trial as an experiment organization form that can succeed only as long as its protocol can be enforced; second, we observe how web networks make it dramatically easier for the trial protocol to be violated; finally, we point out how a potentially dangerous confluence of interests over web networks could incubate developments that disrupt the status quo without creating a robust and safe alternative for experimentation. We conclude by warning about the interests of the pharmaceutical industry in exploiting patients’ methodological requests to its own advantage.     

Pashtun Jirga and prospects of peace and conflict resolution in Pakistan’s ‘tribal’ frontier

ABSTRACT

There is growing recognition and appreciation of traditional approaches towards peace and conflict resolution across the world. This article aims to highlight the crucial role and consequential importance of traditional mechanisms of peace and conflict resolution in Pakistan’s terror-hit Pashtun ‘tribal’ areas, formerly known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). These ‘peripheral’ areas of Pashtun tribes stand in relative isolation from the ‘centre’ of the Pakistani ruling establishment. Moreover, with the onset of militancy since 2001 in the Afghanistan–Pakistan region, the situation has turned worse for the local Pashtun tribes. The article discusses the changing role of traditional mechanisms and local structures of peace and conflict resolution, arguing that colonial legacies have failed to prevent, manage, resolve or transform conflicts in post-colonial states such as Pakistan. Furthermore, the Pashtun cultural code of Pashtunwali, along with its various tenets and structures, especially Jirga (Pashtun tribal council) and Lashkar (tribal militia), is also discussed in the article. The article concludes that the changing socio-political situation, along with the rise of the secular Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), is presenting a challenge to ‘tribal’ Pashtun patriarchal values as well as traditional structures like Jirga in the region.     

New media and strategic narratives: the Dutch referendum on Ukraine – EU Association Agreement in Ukrainian and Russian Internet blogs

ABSTRACT

This article analyses two confronting narratives authored by Ukrainian and Russian bloggers who reported the Dutch referendum held on 6 March 2016, and discussed Dutch citizens’ referendum vote on the Ukraine–EU Association Agreement. The considered narratives, addressed to the Ukrainian and Russian audiences respectively, are viewed as strategic because they specifically portray political actors of the referendum “drama” – the Netherlands, the European Union (EU), Ukraine and Russia. These actors are significant participants of European international relations, and their perceptions of one another are important for European security at the present time of critical diplomacy. In this paper, information about the DUTCH REFERENDUM obtained from the new media texts is regarded as a narrative-based political concept (NBPC). It is argued that this concept has different versions, or images that reflect the narrators’ biased perceptions imposed upon the public. Identification and comparison of such images require a particular methodology. Therefore, the objective of this paper is two-fold: to expose the two confronting versions of a strategically relevant political image, and to develop an authentic, interdisciplinary methodology for its analysis. The proposed methodology is informed by the ontology theory employed in cognitive science and cognitive linguistics.