A Conversation Between Utopia and Anti-Utopia:The Behavioristic Utopia Walden Two

After the Second World War, the American behavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner created a new utopian illusion. Instead of designing the high-technological utopia which used to be popular in the early 20th century, B. F. Skinner described an experimental community in his novel Walden Two. Walden Two embraces the proposition that the behavior of humans is determined by environmental variables, and that behavioral engineering which systematically alters environmental variables can shape and reinforce human behavior, generating a utopia. Walden Two answers the controversial issues put forward by the anti-utopian novels such as Brave New World, Anthem, and The Clockwork Orange. It is considered to have played a pivotal role in the development of the utopian ideal of the 20th century.     

法律与电子法务专业素质教育的实践途径探析

为适应信息社会网络时代的迅猛发展,我国一些院校相继开设了法律与电子法务专业,法律与电子法务专业素质教育的实践途径,一是培养学生具有尊崇信仰法治的职业基本精神;二是优化课程体系,构建素质教育的课程体系平台;三是改革法律与电子法务专业的教学方法,进一步提升课堂教学质量;四是构建人文知识和科学知识并重的人才培养模式,注重培养...     

Don’t reinvent the wheel: possibilities for and limits to building capacity of grassroots international NGOs

Abstract

How can support organisations build the capacity of volunteer-driven non-governmental organisations (NGOs)? Citizen aid for relief and development has expanded rapidly in the twenty-first century, and the number of American aid organisations operating in the Global South has grown to nearly 10,000. These grassroots international NGOs – GINGOs – are small-budget, volunteer-driven organisations typically launched by Americans without professional experience in international development or nonprofit management. These groups prize the expressive and voluntaristic dimensions of development work, yet face challenges of amateurism, material scarcity, fragmentation, paternalism and restricted focus. We investigate whether support organisations, whose primary goals are to build the capacity of organisations and strengthen the organisational field, offer solutions to GINGOs’ inherent weaknesses. We draw on 15 semi-structured interviews with a stratified selection of support organisations, including associations tailored towards international development and towards nonprofit work at large. We find that support organisations offer resources to help GINGOs in managerial and administrative domains. Fewer support organisations help GINGOs build technical development skills, and fewer still push GINGOs to critically reflect on their role in development. We find that peer learning and online platforms could help engage GINGOs volunteers in networking spaces, even as their geographic dispersal in the US encourages their fragmentation and isolation.     

无限额罚金制：非正义及修正——以《刑法修正案（八）》生产、销售假药罪修改为视角

《刑法修正案（八）》将生产销售假药罪罚金刑由倍比罚金制修正为无限额罚金制。而无限额罚金制违背罪刑法定相对确定性原则；违背刑法在形式正义的基础上实现实质正义的立法本意；是司法自由裁判权的扩张表现，不应当成为刑法立法和修正的趋势。建议在完善罚金刑数额确定原则的基础上限制无限额罚金制的适用。     

《清帝逊位诏书》的“中国观”探析

《清帝逊位诏书》的颁布虽意味着清朝统治的终结，但其中“仍合满、汉、蒙、回、藏五族完全领土为一大中华民国”一句所表述的“中国观”，不但继承了《大义觉迷录》的“中国”认同与“民族”认同，而且在维护清朝领土完整的同时，更从法理层面赋予了“中华民国”承继这一领土的合法性。这对此后中国人的“中国认同”以及“中华民族”认识产生了重要影响。唯此，所有中国版图内的人民对于自身“中国人”的定位，开始成为无须赘言的自明前提，《清帝逊位诏书》的重要历史意义由此凸显。     

Citizen aid: grassroots interventions in development and humanitarianism

Abstract

The introduction to this collection brings together, under the umbrella terms of citizen aid and grassroots humanitarianism, interdisciplinary research on small-scale, privately funded forms of aid and development. It notes the steady rise of these activities, including in the Global South as well as North, such as in the context of the recent European refugee crisis. It considers their position vis-à-vis more institutionalised forms of aid; methodological approaches and their challenges; and asks what political dimensions these initiatives may have. It outlines key themes arising from the contributions to the collection, including historical perspectives on ‘demotic humanitarianism’, questions of legitimacy and their apparent lack of professionalisation, motivations of their founders, the role of personal connections, as well as the importance of digital media for brokerage and fundraising. Being mindful of its critiques and implicit power imbalances, it suggests that citizen aid deserves more systematic academic attention.     

民营化中的观念嬗变、公众参与及政府再规制——从公交民营化缘何受挫谈起

作为在公用事业领域公私合作治理的有益尝试,公交民营化缘何屡屡受挫？以湖北十堰公交民营化＂夭折＂为例,分析出其症结所在即＂民营化＂理念存在误读、＂公众参与精神＂缺失、政府监管缺位。针对这三个面向上存在的问题,从而提出,公用事业领域民营化的有效推行需要围绕＂民营化＂观念的嬗变、＂公众参与精神＂的塑造以及政府的再规制三个维度展开。     

谈提单仲裁条款的效力

提单产生于14世纪的欧洲,最初仅仅是一份货物收据。随着远洋运输与国际贸易的不断发展，承运人开始印制格式提单，并在提单背面记载大量免责条款。提单背面条款除了免贵条款外通常还有关于争议解决的仲裁条款。提单仲裁条款在海商法律制度中占有特殊的地位，是海上货物运输合同救济中一个重要环节。     

《诗经》所载西周春秋法制及其对后世的影响

从《诗经》反映的西周春秋时期法律发展情况看，周人已有一定的法律意识，当时作为法律称谓的语词后世大多演化为对成文法各种形式的称谓；由三代的天命、天罚观念发展而来的君权神圣观念，明德慎罚、礼乐政刑综合为用及注重社会和谐的思想也在此时初步形成；其时的礼乐、刑法、司法、婚姻、祭祀、土地等各项制度也都对后世有重大影响。     

Britain’s Place in the Contemporary World

This article offers a personal view of Britain’s place in the contemporary world, analysed in terms of five interlocking rings: the traditional three, i.e. relations with the United States, with Europe and the Commonwealth, to which are added the concepts of process and soft power.