人为老化文件的鉴别

本文阐明了文件人为老化的机理,总结了文件人为老化的手段及其相应特点,提出了人为老化文件的鉴别方法。     

两岸四地货币一体化的探讨

货币一体化理论是国际政策协调理论的重要组成部分,其中主要的是最优货币区理论。结合欧洲联盟开始货币一体化的相关情况从生产要素灵活性、区内贸易投资的重要性、对外经济的开放程度、经济冲击的对称性以及目标的一致性这几个判断是否适宜建立最优货币区的标准来对比分析中华经济区是否具备建立最优货币区的条件,就中华经济区如何建立最优货币区提出一些看法。     

Improving the evaluation of anticrime programs: There’s work to be done

The summary version of the National Research Council’s report, Improving the Evaluation of Anticrime Programs, published in the Journal of Experimental Criminology, was accompanied by eight commentaries from distinguished criminology researchers. This paper responds to those thoughtful and provocative commentaries by further discussing the two broad questions that they raised: What anticrime programs should be evaluated and what methods should be used to evaluate them. The main themes of this response are that (a) evaluation is needed for the programs, practices, and policies in actual use, not only those developed by criminologists; (b) programs developed and tested by criminologists are more likely to be used if they build on existing programs and give as much attention to “implementability” as to theory; and (c) evaluation of practices, policies, and area-wide programs will be limited unless credible applications of observational and quasi-experimental methods can be developed.

Impacts of Aggregation on Relative Performances of Nonsurvey Updating Techniques And Intertemporal Stability of Input–Output Coefficients

In many instances, and for variety of reasons, input–output researchers are compelled to both employ mechanical techniques to update older survey-based tables as well as using more aggregated ones. This combination, however, gives rise to several concerns. The present paper is an attempt to investigate two such questions. First, the effects of aggregation on the accuracy ranking of selected updating methods, and second, the effects of aggregation on intertemporal stability of the input–output coefficients. To probe these issues, three updating methods were selected. These methods are NAÏVE or constant coefficient hypothesis, RAS or biproportional method, and LaGrangian optimization technique. Two survey-based tables from the former Soviet Union along with the selected updating techniques are used to generate updated target year’s direct and inverse transaction matrices at four aggregation levels. Comparison of the resultant estimates at these four levels of aggregation with their counterparts in the actual benchmark table reveals that a higher level of aggregation neither affects the rankings of the updating methods nor does it universally and unequivocally leads to a higher degree of intertemporal stability of input–output coefficients.     

“关系文化”中的司法独立

法治的实现要求法律权威在社会的确立,这离不开高效、公正、独立的司法机构.司法改革在中国的推行受多方面因素的制约,抛却其他因素,司法体系同样置身与中国庞杂的关系网络.因此,此种"关系"的切断尤为重要,应加速法官的精英化,推进程序正义的实现,规范司法职业伦理以加速司法改革的进程,从而以相对独立的司法体系带动观念的变化.     

论医疗民事责任的判定--医方承担医疗民事责任的范畴及认定标准

本文指出医方承担医疗民事责任的范围不应仅仅局限于医疗事故,还应包括其他一些因医方医疗行为所导致患者合法权益受损害的民事赔偿责任.从承担医疗违约责任和医疗侵权责任两个方面来讨论医疗民事责任,主张引进"善良注意义务"的医疗判断标准;将医方的告知义务区分为必须的告知义务与一般的告知义务,认为医方只对违反了必须的告知义务才承担相应的民事责任.     

卢沟桥事变是世界反法西斯战争的开端——兼谈中国抗战在世界反法西斯战争中的地位

卢沟桥事变标志着世界反法西斯战争两大战场之一的东方战场的开辟,极大地改变了东亚与世界的政治格局。以卢沟桥事变为开端的中国全民族抗战,是世界反法西斯战争东方战场的主力军,它极大地消耗了日本的国力,打破了日本“北进”的迷梦,拖住了日军“南进”的步伐,为苏美英等盟国赢得了宝贵的时间。中国抗战为世界反法西斯战争的胜利作出了巨大的贡献。     

可持续发展是全人类的共同使命

全球性问题的产生,迫使人类反思过去,探讨新的发展战略。新发展观把经济发展与环境保护有机结合,要求自然、经济、社会协调一致,实现人类社会全面、稳定、健康、持续发展。但其实施面临许多重大障碍,需要人类密切合作,共同进行长期的努力。     

丽江古城纳西和汉文化的相互影响与整合

自明代以来, 一批又一批的汉族移民定居古城, 陆续接受了纳西人的语言、服饰及生活习俗, 同时也将内地儒家文化、佛教文化、道教文化带入了纳西古城。在历史的进程中,藏、白等民族也有不少人定居古城, 与纳西人通婚。多民族多元文化的和谐共存、互补, 使这座古城不断焕发出勃勃生机与活力, 成为一个突出体现了中华各个民族“你中有我, 我中有你”的多元一体文化格局的典型社区。     

妨害举证行为对策研究 --以民事诉讼为视角分析

妨害举证行为违反诚实信用原则,有违法律公平、正义的价值追求,并造成诉讼迟延.我国现行对策对这一情况,收效不大.对于妨害举证行为,立法应当设置一个多层次的制裁体系加以规制,其中包括举证责任倒置,采取一般强制措施,追究刑事责任或几种方法并用的方式.