评罗莎·卢森堡对苏维埃政权的批评

罗莎·卢森堡高度肯定十月革命,但对新生的苏维埃政权提出了以下六方面的批评:批评苏维埃政权把土地分给农民,从而为以后的社会主义改造设置了障碍;批评苏维埃政权片面地实行民族自决权,从而把刀子送到了敌人的手里;批评苏维埃政权解散立宪会议,从而堵塞了人民群众的积极的政治生活;批评苏维埃政权推行空想的普选权,从而使之成了一种缺乏生命力的临时凑合的"一纸空文";批评苏维埃政权取消出版自由、结社和集会的权利,从而引起公共生活的野蛮化;批评苏维埃政权把民主与专政对立起来,从而远离了社会主义.尽管罗莎·卢森堡差不多是在90多年前提出这些警示性见解的,但是所有这些见解,人们至今读起来还是感到如此具有现实感,并得到深刻的启示.     

论我国政府社会管理公平价值取向的现实依据

我国政府致力于社会管理，应以公平作为核心价值取向，其现实依据在于：公平是人类世代追求的价值理想和人类社会发展的客观趋势、是社会主义的本质要求、是社会主义现代化建设的现实需要、是政府应当承担的社会职责。     

可持续发展:21世纪中国发展战略的必然选择

1996年我国正式把可持续发展作为国家的基本发展战略。对于21世纪中国可持续发展战略研究的设计,在原基础上,独立地开创了第四个研究方向——系统学方向,并提出中国可持续发展战略的总体目标、三大实施要点及宏观监控手段。     

Government and Democracy in Mexico's Federal District, 1997–2001: Cárdenas, the PRD and the Curate's Egg

This paper analyses the challenges facing the Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) administration when it became the first elected government of the Federal District in 1997. Through a daily review of press coverage between December 1997–December 2000, complemented by intensive interviewing during summer 1999, five areas of policy-making activity are analysed and evaluated. The policies entrained and their outcomes show significant advances in decentralization, devolution, and intergovernmental liaison, as well as modest improvements in environmental contamination and reduced crime, although they did not meet the high expectations generated during the Cárdenas campaign for election. However, the fresh image and invigorated confidence that his replacement Rosario Robles brought to the PRD was key in the PRD's success in the July 2nd 2000 DF elections won by López Obrador. The new administration will have to confront a more plural government structure, including five of the sixteen delegaciones and an evenly divided Legislative Assembly. López Obrador has a full six years in which to prove that a left-of-centre political party is capable of developing a 'Third Way' of governance in the DF.     

论举证责任与证明责任

民事庭审方式的改革 ,强化了当事人的举证责任。举证责任不同于证明责任。充分认识证明责任与举证责任存在的联系与区别 ,对于提高民事诉讼的效率 ,推进庭审改革无疑有很大的帮助。     

法治模式中“合作社”的文化动员

合作社是在建立在群体自觉的基础上农民权利的实现方式,也是农民实行自治、利益表达的组织性资源。合作社是一种超血缘、传统、亲缘的"地缘"组织,在中国当下半熟人社会的条件下,只有可能从乡村的文化动员中让农民合作起来,从传统的政治动员式参与过渡到主体认同的自愿式参与。强调法治模式中的制度约束与创造,用现代权利理念来保障农民利益的需求,以文化动员唤醒农民的主体认同,建立起农民在现代市场经济条件下生活的自觉。     

重读《权利法案》——关于诉讼权保障的宪法学思考

美国刑事司法制度的最大特点,就是将一些直接涉及公民权利和自由的诉讼行为上升到宪法高度,为公民在刑事诉讼中的权利提供宪法性的保障。这些保障集中体现在被称为“权利法案”的宪法修正案中。这一做法在第二次世界大战以后对许多国家制定或修改宪法以及完善刑事诉讼制度产生了广泛而深远的影响。作为公民的一项基本权利的诉讼权利,在我国宪法中并没有得到足够的重视和保护。重读《权利法案,》吸取其合理因素,以完善我国诉讼人权的宪法学保护。     

浅析当前公职人员经济犯罪的心理特征及法律控制对策

公职人员实施经济犯罪行为 ,是其特殊的心理动机所支配和驱使的 ,只有认清和把握这些心理状态 ,并建立起完善的防范和矫治经济犯罪心理的法律控制体系与制度 ,才能从根本上对经济犯罪行为的滋生和扩张做到防患于未然 ,及时有效地预防和制裁经济犯罪 ,警示具有潜在经济犯罪心理意识的其他公职人员 ,健全完善廉洁自律的法治体系。     

Explaining and Forecasting Leaders' Decisions: A Poliheuristic Analysis of the Iran Hostage Rescue Decision

In an increasingly dangerous world, forecasting national leaders' decisions during crises is a central concern of policy analysts. But with a wide range of specific military responses available to leaders, pinpointing a likely decision can be difficult. This essay argues that the poliheuristic theory of foreign policy decision making is a useful tool for aiding policy analysts in forecasting the decisions of national leaders. The theory's emphasis on a noncompensatory decision dimension facilitates the elimination of many of the possible decision alternatives, reducing uncertainty. Then, surviving alternatives are weighed against additional, nontrivial dimensions, producing a likely decision. As an illustrative case, I examine Carter's decision to implement the hostage rescue mission, demonstrating that Carter ruled out alternatives that failed to satisfy criteria on the noncompensatory decision dimension—reelection. The president's final choice was selected from the remaining alternatives according to its ability to simultaneously maximize net benefits with respect to military and strategic concerns. Following a comparison of the analysis with compensatory models of decision making, I suggest a general forecasting framework rooted in the poliheuristic theory. The theory can be applied to international crises provided that policy analysts obtain information concerning (1) the leader's noncompensatory decision criteria, (2) the set of alternatives that satisfy those criteria, and (3) the expected net benefits of the remaining alternatives on other dimensions (i.e., the military and strategic dimensions).     

论我国企业开拓东盟市场的商标策略

伴随着中国—东盟自由贸易区的快速建设,东盟国家已成为中国企业境外投资的热点,但是部分征战东盟的企业没有取得预期效益,更有多家企业遭遇了商标被抢注的事件。本文介绍了东盟各国现行的商标法律制度,提出国内企业开拓东盟市场时应当采取的商标设计、商标使用、商标保护策略及商标被侵权后应当采取的措施。