德国犯罪理论体系概述

德国犯罪理论研究经历了古典理论、原因行为理论、目的行为理论、目的理性论数个阶段 ,其最具特色之处在于分析行为时采用的三分法 :行为构成要件符合性、违法性和罪责。这种三分法在法律现实中经受了考验 ,而且对刑法以外的德国法律思想的发展也起到了重要作用。     

英国政府机构改革对中国的几点启示

在英国,新一轮的政府机构改革,即设立执行机构全面推动了政府改革,其经验给已加入WTO的中国许多有益的启示:政府机构改革的目标要明确且始终如一;政府机构改革要有充分的理论准备;政府机构改革要依法操作,避免因政府权力易手而造成改革的中断或倒退;把政府机构改革作为突破口,全面推动政府改革;机构改革要不间断推进,不能一劳永逸。     

The stages of cybercrime investigations: Bridging the gap between technology examination and law enforcement investigation

Cybercrime investigation can be argued as still in its infancy. The technical investigation practices and procedures of global law enforcement are also still evolving in response to the growing threat of the cybercriminal. This has led to considerable debate surrounding the adequacy of current technical investigation models, examination tools and the subsequent capability of law enforcement to tackle cybercrime. To bridge the gap between low-level technology recovery and digital forensic examination, and to overcome the many technical challenges now faced by law enforcement; this paper presents an extended cybercrime investigation model capable of guiding the investigative practices of the broader law enforcement community. The Stages of Cybercrime Investigations discussed throughout this paper, demonstrate the logical steps and primary considerations vital to investigating cyber related crime and criminality. The model is intended to provide both technical and non-technical investigative resources, covering mainstream law enforcement, partner agencies and specialist technical services, with a formal and common structure when investigating the complex technical nature of cybercrime. Finally, the model is further aimed at providing cybercrime investigators with a means to consolidate understanding, share knowledge and communicate the resulting outcomes as an investigation moves through each relevant stage.     

论宽严相济刑事政策的架构及其对犯罪控制的影响

宽严相济刑事政策的架构与两极化刑事政策一样,也是"重刑化的实体法"配合"微罪处分的程序法"。在犯罪控制的内化过程中,刑事政策也从国家本位转到国家.社会本位上来。国家的放权分责,既加强了对犯罪的打击和预防,也让民众承担了更多责任。     

Fingermark Evidence Evaluation Based on Automated Fingerprint Identification System Matching Scores: The Effect of Different Types of Conditioning on Likelihood Ratios

In recent studies, the evidential value of the similarity of minutiae configurations of fingermarks and fingerprints, for example expressed by automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS), is determined by likelihood ratios (LRs). The paper explores whether there is an effect on LRs if conditioning takes place on specified fingers, fingerprints, or fingermarks under competing hypotheses: In addition, an approach is explored where conditioning is asymmetric. Comparisons between fingerprints and simulated fingermarks with eight minutiae are performed to produce similarity score distributions for each type of conditioning, given a fixed AFIS matching algorithm. Both similarity scores and LRs are significantly different if the conditioning changes. Given a common‐source scenario, “LRs” resulting from asymmetric conditioning are on average higher. The difference may reach a factor of 2000. As conditioning on a suspect's finger(print) is labor‐intensive and requires a cooperating suspect, it is recommended to just condition on the number of minutiae in the fingermark.     

东北亚民族主义与地区安全格局

民族主义是影响地区安全的重要变量,甚至可以改变地区安全格局,研究并协调民族主义与安全格局的关系对于维护地区安全意义重大。在东北亚的地区安全格局中,以中、日、韩三国为代表的地区民族主义一直是困扰区域安全的重要因素,了解民族主义与地区安全之间的关系成为把握地区安全走向的关键。然而,民族主义内涵的不确定性阻碍了对这一问题的分析。所以,从民族情感出发,梳理民族主义的成长历程及相互关系,是理解东北亚民族主义现状的直接办法。在此基础上,明晰民族主义与地区安全问题的互动,进一步清晰民族主义在安全格局中的作用,才能为应对安全挑战奠定基础。另外,随着时代的发展,既有的静态分析民族主义与安全格局关系的方法已经不能完全满足现实需要,必然要以动态-进程的分析方法予以补充。这一分析方法,在论证民族主义与“安全困境”、安全格局、安全架构之间关系的过程中,体现出明显的优势,并可以说明安全架构理念能够从宏观、连续、整体的角度驾驭地区安全和民族主义,从而确定新视角下的东北亚民族主义与安全格局的关系。新的研究方法在对地区安全进展做出判断的同时,也不断发现新的问题和挑战。     

面向政府公共服务的政务微博框架研究

政务微博融合了网络社交媒体和公共管理官方媒体的双重特性,使用便捷、管理简单、影响广泛、信息权威,能弥补传统电子政务的不足,是政府提高公共服务效能的新利器。本文从政务微博的公共服务职能出发,针对当前我国政务微博应用存在的“服务功能破碎”和“服务流程混乱”等问题,对政府公共服务流程重构、政务微博理论模型和政务微博模型的实践路径进行了分析和阐释。在此基础上设计出面向政府公共服务的政务微博框架。     

Referrers' views of structured professional judgement risk assessment of sexual offenders: A qualitative study

Abstract

The Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol is a structured professional judgement (SPJ) tool that aids risk assessment of sexual violence. It is widely used internationally. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical practice of SPJ risk assessment and risk management through qualitative analysis of the accounts of users of these assessments. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 31 criminal justice professionals in southeast Scotland. The participants' accounts were explored using the framework method. Five themes emerged from this analysis: informing risk management; confirming what was known and giving weight; understanding personality; treatment; and the usefulness and limitations of risk assessment. The participants reported that the assessments were influential with respect to risk management. The study revealed some important implications for service development. The authors suggest possible future use of the framework method in research investigating the risk assessment of sexual violence.     

打破职责同构:条块关系变革的路径选择

“条块分割”的政府管理体制造成了行政效率低下、政府机构庞大和中央决策的“中间梗阻”等诸多问题。文章认为,条块关系失衡的症结在于职责同构。要想从根本上解决条块矛盾,必须以打破职责同构为突破口,实现从“每一级政府都要管所有的事情”向“只负责特定事情”转变。     

推进乡镇机构改革的对策研究

乡镇机构改革是我国政府机构改革的基础环节 ,其改革的难度和阻力最大 ,面临的问题也最为复杂。因此 ,对乡镇机构改革的研究就成为特别重要又非常紧迫的课题。现行的乡镇政府职能和机构设置与当前农村发展的政治、经济形势不相适应的矛盾日益突出。本文分析了这一矛盾的主要表现及其成因 ,并在此基础上 ,提出了更新观念 ,形成改革的精神动力 ;以职能转变为中枢 ,理顺政企关系 ;撤乡并镇 ,精简人员 ;简政放权 ,理顺条块关系等对策建议。