中美三个联合公报的条约性质研析——兼论中国的对策

长期以来,中美两国对于中美三个联合公报的法律性质存在着极大的争议:中国认为中美三个联合公报是有拘束力的条约,美国却否认这一点。这种争议的结果既严重损害了中美三个联合公报的权威性,更严重阻碍了中美关系的正常发展。根据国际条约法的基本原则和基本理论,特别是从条约的基本特征、美国国内法关于条约的定性、三个联合公报的履约情况等方面进行的深入分析表明,中美三个联合公报确定无疑是有拘束力的条约。基于此,中国政府应该积极寻求维护中美三个联合公报权威性及其条约性质的法律对策。     

Amussat’s Sign in Hanging—A Prospective Autopsy Study

Abstract: Amussat’s sign is typically a transverse laceration of the intimal layer of carotid arteries described in cases of hanging. Subtotal laceration of the carotid artery is not strictly specific for hanging and can be also caused by blunt neck trauma, extreme overstretching, or whiplash‐injuries. In a prospective autopsy study of 178 cases of hanging, Amussat’s sign was found in 29 cases (a relative frequency of 16.1%). A statistically significant association between the occurrence of tears in the intimal layer of carotid arteries and the victims’ age was discovered in the cases studied (the frequency increased with age; p < 0.05). The occurrence of Amussat’s sign was independent of gender, weight, completeness of the victim’s body suspension, and position of the ligature knot on the neck. The study demonstrates the fact that the most probable cause of Amussat’s sign is a combination of direct compression of the artery by the rope and indirect stretching because of the gravitational drag produced by the weight of the body.     

对知识分子政治问题的思考

知识分子政治问题事关全局。本文从知识分子阶级属性谈起。知识分子作为工人阶级一部分,基本的要求有两方面,一方面要使知识分子有与工人阶级平等的社会和政治地位,做到“政治上充分信任,工作上放手使用,生活上关心照顾。”这个方面我们取得的成效令人称道,当然还需要继续加强;另一方面,知识分子要增强工人阶级意识,坚持工人阶级立场,自觉担负起工人阶级历史使命和历史责任。这个方面虽然做了大量工作,有相当多成效,但还面临许多问题。本文列举了大量调查事实和实例加以分析,着重说明了在社会主义市场经济条件下,如何解决好知识分子思想政治倾向问题,理想信念问题,工人阶级意识问题等,是一个新课题、难题,忽视或解决不好后果严重。需要按照“三个代表”的理论加以研究和解决,对此本文作了初步分析。     

三种刑事审判对象模式之比较研究

英美法系诉因模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是诉因,法官和检察官原则上无权变更诉因;大陆法系公诉事实模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是公诉事实,法官有权在公诉事实同一的范围内变更指控罪名;日本公诉事实同一下的诉因模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是诉因,检察官有权在公诉事实同一范围内变更诉因。三种刑事审判对象模式之间的差异导致它们在不同诉讼价值的实现上各有优劣,刑事审判对象模式上的差异根源于审判方式上的差异。随着审判方式的相互吸收和融合,刑事审判对象模式之间的差异逐渐变小。     

论破产法上债务人高管人员民事责任的追究

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law has designed the regime for debtor’s senior managers to bear civil liabilities, while the framework design concerning the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is still unclear. How to establish a prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities of debtor’s senior managers in line with the purposes of the bankruptcy regime is a substantial issue during the implementation of Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. The realization of the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers depends on the establishment and operation of a relatively well-developed prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities. The focus of the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is to determine the subject of prosecution of civil liabilities, the way to realize civil liabilities, and the special hearing proceedings and authorities of the court. Taking steps to clarify and improve the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities focusing on the subjects of prosecution (debtor’s senior managers) and authorities of the court, is the essence and systematic safeguard of realizing the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. Gan Peizhong, Ph.D, is a professor of law and director of the Research Center for Enterprise and Company Law at Peking University. Prof. Gan is a recognized expert on economic law, company law, bankruptcy law and the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. He has released numerous articles on Chinese law journals and published many books. His major publications include Encyclopedia of Chinese Economic Law (vice editor-in-chief), New Studies on Economic Law (co-editor), New Studies on Enterprise Law (author), Studies on Chinese Economic Adjudication (editor-in-chief), Studies on Foreign Economic Law in Beijing (editor-in-chief), General Theories on Economic Law (co-editor), Legitimate Exercise of the Corporate Control Rights (author). Moreover, he was named the “leading young and middle-aged jurist” by Beijing Law Society in 1999. In addition, Prof. Gan is the deputy-president of the Securities Law Association, a member of the Standing Committee of the Economic Law Association under China Law Society. He also serves as the consultant of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee and Beijing Municipal People’s Congress, as well as the Haidian District Court of Beijing.     

“马锡五审判方式”及其司法理念——以封捧儿“婚姻申诉案”为分析样本

"马锡五审判方式"的突出特点就是群众路线。群众路线作为"马锡五审判方式"的精神内涵是应当发扬广大的,但是,"马锡五审判方式"所折射出的群众路线、大众司法能否成为具有普适价值的司法理念?这个问题值得认真思考。封捧儿"婚姻申诉案"所体现的"马锡五审判方式"及其司法理念似乎更加适合于"熟人社会",更加适合于简单案件。     

FTA战略下我国海外能源投资的法律问题研究——以我国投资澳洲能源为例

解决好海外能源投资中出现的法律问题是我国海外能源投资顺利进行的主要保障。海外能源投资出现的法律问题实质上涉及到资本输出国的相关完善的立法以及对于东道国相关外资法律规定的应对。据此对于如何完善我国资本输出的相关立法以及应对发达的东道国的外资法进行抛砖引玉的研究。     

杂交种知识产权申请方式探讨

申请不同的知识产权,可获得不同的权利保护。符合植物新品种条件的杂交种亲本,应申请品种权。杂交种不是品种,是一种生产方法;不愿申请品种权,应申请生产方法发明专利权。对控制目标性状的目的基因,应申请基因发明专利权。     

A review of developments and changes in the world＇s constitutions

The constitution is a living document, which being the case, there is a need to increase the understanding of the constitution through systematic research and teaching at various levels. This paper aims to be a catalyst that inspires creative action to claim and advance certain new constitutional rights encapsulated in various world＇s constitutions. It seeks to raise awareness of new constitutional rights. World＇s most constitutions have incorporated constitutional provisions that ensure the entrenched new fundamental human rights. The latest constitutions, including South African constitution of 1996 are advanced and have included significant number of rights which were left out in the old constitutions. The courts are given the widest possible powers to develop and forge new remedies for protection of constitutional rights and the enforcement of constitutional duties.     

推进边境口岸城市国际化的构想和对策——对黑龙江省绥芬河市的案例分析

城市国际化背景下,绥芬河市凭借自身的地缘优势,加之不断优化的内外发展环境,不断克服自身城市规模小、人口少等不利因素,逐步探索与国际接轨的城市发展的新模式。