中国北方农民的生活时间配置

农民的生活时间配置情况可以由其结构、类型和特征三个角度加以描述。农民的生活时间结构包括生产劳动时间、生理必需时间、家务劳动时间和闲暇时间四个组成部分。根据农民在各项生活时间上的支出 ,可以识别出四种主要的生活时间配置类型 ,即多劳型、均衡型、多闲型和家务型。农村居民在生活环境、生活水平、生产劳动方式等方面与城镇居民有很大的不同 ,反映到生活时间的配置上也是各具特色     

网络文化对人们生活影响的哲学思考

网络的发展使人类社会从工业社会走向信息社会，从而人们获取财富的手段表现为对信息的创造、占有、处理和分配上。网络文化也是虚拟文化，对经济发展的影响主要表现为促进了虚拟经济的发展，给实体经济甚至整个经济发展带来了活力。在人们的交往方式上，网络使人与人之间实现了很大程度上的平等关系，打破了传统的等级尊卑、贫富贵贱的交往模式，这便进一步对传统的金字塔政治模式提出了挑战，要求平等对话、独立、自由、开放的新模式出现，进而，网络文化对传统道德的冲击也是很大的。在文化消费模式上，网络文化把工业和文化连接在一起，消解了传统的经典文化。然而，网络文化对人们生活的一系列影响不总是积极的，还有其消极甚至恶劣的一面，这要求我们从人的主体性出发，扬弃其有利和不利因素，超越网络文化的现状，使网络文化朝着网络文明的方向发展。     

克里斯特娃的母性论

朱丽娅·克里斯特娃（Julia Kristeva）关于母性的论述，不同于激进女权主义运动流派，她积极地看待母职的再生产，提倡母亲作为社会文明开启者的功能。她指出，母性不仅仅是一种生物学本能，她的孕育空间是胎儿主体所需的符号运作空间，被卑贱化后主体才得以获得语言和社会认同。她以基督教圣母和中国的母始祖母形象为例，建议女权主义运动应该重视母性的激情，寻找更自由的生存和伦理空间。     

立功时间要件探析

正确认识立功的成立条件，是司法实践中正确认定立功，从而对有立功表现的犯罪分子准确量刑的前提。关于立功成立的时间要件，起始时间应为“犯罪分子犯罪之日起”，而截止时间可以限定为“检察机关提起公诉或自诉人提起诉讼之日前”，犯罪分子在审判阶段的立功行为，应作为行刑制度中的立功予以处理。     

A Test of Competing Hypotheses about Homicide Following Terrorist Attacks: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of September 11 and Oklahoma City

There is substantial evidence that catastrophic events, including terrorist attacks, lead to increased levels of post-traumatic stress, especially in communities in close proximity to the incident. Some scholars also argue that these events disrupt social organization. On the other hand, many contend that these incidents produce social cohesion as community members coalesce to help each other in time of need. These ideas have resulted in competing hypotheses in the literature. The first is that violence will increase in the wake of catastrophic events due to heightened levels of individual stress and community disorganization. The second is that violence will decline after these events because of increased social cohesion, especially in the face of an outside threat. In order to test these competing hypotheses, we employed autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) techniques to model the impact of the Oklahoma City bombing and the September 11 attacks on monthly homicide counts at the local, state, and national level. Unlike prior studies that provided evidence of an effect but did not use rigorous time-series techniques, we found no support for either of the competing hypotheses. We conclude that while such catastrophic events may have an effect on individual and collective efficacy well beyond the immediate impact of the incidents, these effects are not strong enough to influence homicide rates. An erratum to this article can be found at     

小白鼠肝脏5’—核苷酸酶活力与死亡时间的关系

小白鼠死亡后，肝脏不离体恒温保存，定时定量制备肝浸出液为酶样品，催化5’-腺苷酸（5’AMP）生成腺苷和无机磷酸，后者在还原利存在下与钼酸试剂发生蓝色反应，其颜色深度与磷酸含量成正比。用722型分光光度计测定光密度（OD值），计算酶活力。在三种温度下，经5次重复实验，发现小白鼠死亡后在3O℃12小时、18℃21小时、7℃24小时，其酶活力降低均呈明显的规律性。说明此酶用于一定温度和时间范围内的死亡时间推断具有参考价值。     

Negotiating constitutions for political unions

This paper provides a cradle-to-grave model of political merger between two states and highlights the role of cross-border disparities in material and technological endowments in state formation. This issue has not received adequate theoretical attention in the existing scholarship that has largely focussed on factors like defence, trade, and public goods provision. In this paper, merger negotiations are modelled using a bilateral bargaining model with inside options and contest as an outside option. It is shown that the threat of contest constrains the set of mutually acceptable taxes and, more importantly, it provides stability to the federal constitution by making the punishment strategy in the secession rule credible. The existence of negotiated and contested constitutional merger agreements that are path dependent but time-consistent is shown. Also, the rent extracted by the advanced province in the union for transferring technology to the backward province is shown to be increasing in the complexity of technology but bounded from above. Finally, the impact of demographic heterogeneity on the feasibility of inter-state mergers is discussed.     

Android forensics: Interpretation of timestamps

Interpretation of traces found on Android devices is an important aspect of mobile forensics. This is especially true for timestamps encountered on the device under investigation. In the presence of both naive and UTC timestamps, some form of timestamp normalisation is required. In addition, the investigator needs to gain some understanding of potential clock skew that may exist, especially when evidence from the device under investigation has to be correlated to real world events or evidence from other devices. A case study is presented where the time zone on the Android device was set incorrectly, while the clock was set to correspond to the time zone where the device was actually located. Initially, the fact that both time zones enforced daylight saving time (DST) at different periods was expected to complicate the timestamps normalisation. However, it was found that the version of the Time Zone Database on the device was outdated and did not correspond to the actual time zone rules for the given period. After the case study, the results of experiments on a broader range of devices are presented. Among other things, these results demonstrate a method to detect clock skew based on the mmssms.db database. However, it was also found that the applicability of this method is highly dependent on specific implementation choices made by different vendors.     

法律视野中的时间范畴

“时间”首先是自然科学和哲学的范畴 ,其运动规律在法律制度设计的技术化特征上也有体现。本文从分析法学与哲学、经济学的学科间影响 ;法律制度中与“时间”相关的概念、规则和原则 ;法律规范与客观规律的关系入手 ,阐述了“时间”范畴与法律制度、法律价值、法律程序、法律成本的密切联系 ,意在提醒人们 ,在研究法律制度的价值追求和伦理评价的基础上 ,法律中的时间问题或是以“时间”为重要范畴来分析法律制度的有关内容 ,具有重要的价值意义和工具意义 ,值得做思考的努力。     

"三个代表"与马克思主义的与时俱进精神

马克思主义具有与时俱进的内在创造精神,而“三个代表”重要思想则体现了这种 精神。