刑事诉讼视野下的被告承担举证责任法理分析

举证责任的分配则是整个刑事证明这一环节的核心问题,举证责任既是一种权利,也是一项义务,被告承担举证责任作为举证责任的一种分配形式,其性质显然是权利义务统一性。基于司法公正、诉讼经济与效率、犯罪构成要件外的事实等原因,由被告承担部分举证责任具有合理可行性。     

Alcohol and rape: An “economics-of-crime” perspective

Using a panel of state-level data over the years 1982–2000, this study explores the potential relationship between alcohol policy, alcohol consumption, and rape by considering a number of theoretical and methodological issues. First, the potential relationship is examined in the context of an economics-of-crime model, controlling for various deterrence and opportunity cost variables. Second, unlike most studies, consumption of liquor and wine are considered as well as consumption of beer. A third focus is on the potential endogeneity of alcohol consumption. A fourth consideration dictates the focus on rape-rates rather than other violent crime rates. Several studies have discovered a tendency for relatively high alcohol consumption by both offenders and victims. Since rape victims are virtually all female, and at least some alcohol policy variables appear to have differential impacts on females and heavy-drinking males, an examination of policy impacts for rape-rates, unlike other types of violent crime, can suggest the nature of the alcohol-consumption–violence relationship. The empirical results support an “alcohol-increases-potential-victims-vulnerability” hypothesis. In the context of the economic theory of crime, this lowers the expected cost of rape to potential offenders and raises rape-rates. Tests for endogeneity of alcohol consumption and resulting simultaneous equation estimates reinforce this implication because they suggest that potential victims respond to relatively high rape-rates by reducing alcohol consumption.     

城市社会公共安全市场的制度安排——以社区治安与犯罪预防为例

随着新型集体消费单位——社区的兴起,公共安全的需求出现了多样化和个别化,政府职能的转变也使公共安全市场形成并有所发展。对这一市场的制度安排面临着对不同治理结构的选择,同时也是对传统公共安全管理体制进行的制度变迁。公共安全市场的制度安排应当是政府的集中控制提供更多的间接服务,市场中的企业提供多样化、个别化的直接服务,公众和社会组织广泛参与的运行模式。     

The social willingness to comply with the law: The effect of social attitudes on traffic fatalities

This paper investigates the effect of the social willingness to comply with the law on driver behavior and traffic fatalities. We analyze a panel of 15 European Union states for 1996–2002, a period for which consistent attitudinal data are available. Using corruption indices, we find that the social willingness to comply with the law has significant positive effects on traffic fatalities with an elasticity estimated between −0.207 and −0.217. Other significant factors are traffic exposure, economic growth, speed, and alcohol consumption. We also find that, whatever benefits laws produce, differences in national traffic rules do not explain divergences in road safety. This result seems to indicate that willingness to comply matters more than legal specificity.     

挖掘道路潜力减少市中心区部分公交车辆、出租车辆因停靠上下客对道路交通的影响

由于历史原因,上海市中心区公交港湾式车站和出租车辆候客站寥寥无几,公交、出租车辆停靠上下客以及极高的出租车空驶率给道路交通带来了巨大压力。因此,要挖掘道路潜力,对有条件的道路重新调整车道宽度,增加车道,将多余一条车道用作公交港湾站和出租车固定停车候客泊位,以减少公交、出租车停靠对道路交通的影响。     

略论刑事案件涉外证据

刑事案件涉外证据是指能够证明刑事案件犯罪实体事实、诉讼程序事实的证据,是具有涉外性的一种证据类型。其内容主要有表象事实、犯罪事实、程序事实和佐证事实;其形式可以粗略分为言词证据、实物证据、电子证据和文件证据;其形成主要涉及地域、主体、手段和程序。它与一般证据特征有所不同,收集、审查、运用时应多加注意。     

三资企业管理人员犯罪情况分析

改革开放以后,国内三资企业越来越多,成为经济发展的增长点.近几年来,三资企业管理人员犯罪有增多的趋势.三资企业管理人员犯罪有主观方面原因,也有客观方面原因,应根据具体情况,采取相应的对策.     

贪污罪法定刑的配置和完善

文章结合法定刑的配刑原则,即统一配刑原则和明确性原则,讨论了刑法典中贪污罪法定刑配置方面的缺陷,如起刑点的模糊、财产刑的可并或不并、资格刑的空缺、死刑的浪费等。最后,提出相应的立法建议,如删除生命刑、延长自由刑、完善财产刑、增加资格刑、明确起刑点等。     

现阶段我国未成年人犯罪成因与对策研究

由于未成年人特殊的生理和心理特征,使得未成年人犯罪在社会变革时期呈现出多样性和复杂性,为了预防和减少未成年人犯罪,只有从新时期诱发未成年人犯罪的社会、生活和心理因素着手,坚持综合治理、教育与保护、及时防治等原则,采取刑事的、社会管理的、思想法制教育等对策,才能做到标本兼治。