犯罪客体的分类

我国刑法学者虽然广泛支持犯罪客体的纵向三分类,但所持的分类标准及其说明不尽相同。主要客体、次要客体和选择客体的划分不是根据法益自身的重要性,而是取决于其与同类客体的关系。相对于主要客体,次要客体与选择客体都具有补充性,是独立于主要客体之外的。     

论重大劳动安全事故罪

重大劳动安全事故罪是一种单位犯罪,其主体是单位而不是直接责任人员；侵犯的直接客体是劳动者的生命权和健康权,而不包括单位的财产安全；劳动安全设施不符合国家规定标准包括没有装备任何劳动安全设施的情形；法条强调“仍”不采取措施表明立法者更为注重行为人的主观恶行。     

保险诈骗罪疑难问题探析

基于立法对刑法实行行为本质特征的认识的差误,导致对保险诈骗罪实行行为方式设计中的诸多缺陷。在司法实践中,保险诈骗多以共同犯罪的形式出现,有身份者与无身份者共同犯罪时罪名的认定问题也必然成为了理论和实务界关注的焦点。     

整合素质模型的交通事故民警任职培训

交通事故民警实行任职资格制度是公安交通管理工作的一项重要改革,交通事故民警任职培训将是未来民警培训的重要内容,整合素质模型的培训理念将显著改进培训的效果。因此,我们可在胜任素质研究成果的基础上,建立交通事故民警的胜任素质模型;并结合培训系统理论来分析在交通事故民警任职培训过程中整合素质模型的要点,以设计基于素质模型的交通事故民警任职培训模块。     

对交通肇事者体内酒精含量的检测

在酒后驾车引发的交通肇事案中,对驾驶员进行酒精的定性和定量检验对事故责任的认定有至关重要的作用。目前常用的检验方法有:呼气式酒精测试仪法;顶空气相色谱法;乙醇脱氢酶法。     

刑事诉讼视野下的被告承担举证责任法理分析

举证责任的分配则是整个刑事证明这一环节的核心问题,举证责任既是一种权利,也是一项义务,被告承担举证责任作为举证责任的一种分配形式,其性质显然是权利义务统一性。基于司法公正、诉讼经济与效率、犯罪构成要件外的事实等原因,由被告承担部分举证责任具有合理可行性。     

Alcohol and rape: An “economics-of-crime” perspective

Using a panel of state-level data over the years 1982–2000, this study explores the potential relationship between alcohol policy, alcohol consumption, and rape by considering a number of theoretical and methodological issues. First, the potential relationship is examined in the context of an economics-of-crime model, controlling for various deterrence and opportunity cost variables. Second, unlike most studies, consumption of liquor and wine are considered as well as consumption of beer. A third focus is on the potential endogeneity of alcohol consumption. A fourth consideration dictates the focus on rape-rates rather than other violent crime rates. Several studies have discovered a tendency for relatively high alcohol consumption by both offenders and victims. Since rape victims are virtually all female, and at least some alcohol policy variables appear to have differential impacts on females and heavy-drinking males, an examination of policy impacts for rape-rates, unlike other types of violent crime, can suggest the nature of the alcohol-consumption–violence relationship. The empirical results support an “alcohol-increases-potential-victims-vulnerability” hypothesis. In the context of the economic theory of crime, this lowers the expected cost of rape to potential offenders and raises rape-rates. Tests for endogeneity of alcohol consumption and resulting simultaneous equation estimates reinforce this implication because they suggest that potential victims respond to relatively high rape-rates by reducing alcohol consumption.     

城市社会公共安全市场的制度安排——以社区治安与犯罪预防为例

随着新型集体消费单位——社区的兴起,公共安全的需求出现了多样化和个别化,政府职能的转变也使公共安全市场形成并有所发展。对这一市场的制度安排面临着对不同治理结构的选择,同时也是对传统公共安全管理体制进行的制度变迁。公共安全市场的制度安排应当是政府的集中控制提供更多的间接服务,市场中的企业提供多样化、个别化的直接服务,公众和社会组织广泛参与的运行模式。     

The social willingness to comply with the law: The effect of social attitudes on traffic fatalities

This paper investigates the effect of the social willingness to comply with the law on driver behavior and traffic fatalities. We analyze a panel of 15 European Union states for 1996–2002, a period for which consistent attitudinal data are available. Using corruption indices, we find that the social willingness to comply with the law has significant positive effects on traffic fatalities with an elasticity estimated between −0.207 and −0.217. Other significant factors are traffic exposure, economic growth, speed, and alcohol consumption. We also find that, whatever benefits laws produce, differences in national traffic rules do not explain divergences in road safety. This result seems to indicate that willingness to comply matters more than legal specificity.