Crime,Disorder and Decay in Chicago's Latino Community

Abstract

This paper utilizes results of citywide surveys to examine trends in Chicago during the 1990s in the extent of crime, social disorder, and physical decay. These trends depict a tale of three cities, for trends in neighborhood problems differed dramatically for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos. All fared differently, and no group was “average.” By the beginning of the new century, Whites saw some improvement in neighborhood conditions, and Blacks experienced major improvements, but conditions for Latinos actually worsened. Analysis indicates that a combination of language and geographical concentration were among the factors associated with worsening conditions. The paper concludes with the recommendation that the city, the police department, and the community itself redouble their efforts to address the problems facing Latinos in Chicago.     

Dirty Businesses in Italy: A Case-study of Illegal Trafficking in Hazardous Waste

This article focuses on trafficking in hazardous and special waste in Italy during the past decade with particular attention to the role played by mafia groups and other legal and illegal actors. A number of examples of illegal management and trafficking of waste are analysed to show the techniques used and the kind of actors involved (traditional mafia-type organisations, corporate entities, legitimate enterprises and businessmen, local authorities and other official actors). It concludes that a number of factors have facilitated and/or enhanced the development and growth of the illegal waste trafficking business (such as the growing demand for clandestine and cheaper services in the sector, the low business ethic of some segments of Italian industry, the delay in implementing proper waste-management policies and legislation, and the low public awareness regarding the threat posed by eco-crimes).     

Crime,New housing,and housing incivilities in a first‐ring suburb: Multilevel relationships across time

Abstract

Concepts deriving from criminology, housing policy, and environmental psychology are integrated to test two ways that housing conditions could relate to crime in a declining first‐ring suburb of Salt Lake City. For existing housing, we use a model to test whether housing incivilities, such as litter and unkempt lawns, are associated with later crime. For new housing, we test whether a new subdivision on a former brownfield creates spillover reductions in nearby crime and incivilities.

Police‐reported crime rates were highest for residences near the brownfield and lowest for those farther away. After the subdivision was constructed, this linear decline disappeared, reflecting less crime adjacent to the new subdivision, but also more crime farther away. A multilevel analysis shows that incivilities, particularly litter and unkempt lawns on the block, predict unexpected increases in crime. Both brownfield redevelopment and reductions in incivilities may be important ways to improve declining suburban areas.     

当前我国暴力恐怖犯罪的处置与预防

随着全球恐怖主义活动的逐渐升温,新疆分裂主义乘机在我国连续制造了多起严重暴力恐怖袭击案件,云南昆明"3.1"事件是继2013年10月28日北京"金水桥"事件之后的又一起恐怖分子在疆外实施的暴力恐怖袭击案件,我国面临着严峻的暴力恐怖主义犯罪威胁。从当前恐怖主义犯罪的主要特征来看,虽然我国暴力恐怖主义犯罪保持在恐怖主义犯罪的初级阶段,但恐怖犯罪从局部性、区域性逐渐向全国蔓延和外流的趋势明显,并伴有手段多样化和残忍程度升级等特点,暴力恐怖犯罪的多发使得社会各界包括公安机关不得不重新思考如何更好地应对与处置之。本文通过对我国现存的暴力恐怖犯罪的现状剖析,提出了与之相对应的处置对策,供实务部门参考借鉴。     

交通肇事罪认定中的几个问题

刑法第 1 33条规定 ,因逃逸致人死亡的 ,处 7年以上有期徒刑。该规定相对于类似的过失犯罪来说处刑明显偏重 ,有太多的功利色彩 ,致使罪责刑不相适应。《最高人民法院关于审理交通肇事刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题解释》第 5条第 2款的规定不符合共同犯罪的理论 ,该规定中的单位主管人员、机动车辆所有人、承包人或乘车人等指使者与肇事者之间缺乏共同的过失。     

论我国道路交通安全法的价值取向

2003年10月28日通过的《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》将于2004年5月1日开始施行。该法是我国在交通立法方面的重大突破,具有划时代的历史意义。仔细分析该法条文,我们可以发现该法在价值取向上体现了人身权优先保护、弱势群体特别保护、私权维护和私权自治、秩序与正义平衡、公平与效率兼顾等先进合理的法治思想。深刻理解该法的价值取向,是我们准确把握其立法宗旨、正确理解与解释法律规定的重要前提,这对于公安教育与交通执法具有指导性的重要作用。     

论经济犯罪侦查中的调查研究工作

在经济犯罪侦查工作中充分认识调查研究工作的重要性,掌握科学的调查研究方法,不断总结经验,推广、应用调研成果,是指导经侦实战的根本,也是提高经侦队伍整体素质的重要途径。     

Symbolic Racism and Whites’ Attitudes Towards Punitive and Preventive Crime Policies

This study analyzes the determinants of Whites' support for punitive and preventive crime policies. It focuses on the predictive power of beliefs about race as described by symbolic racism theory. A dataset with 849 White respondents from three waves of the Los Angeles County Social Survey was used. In order to assess the weight of racial factors in crime policy attitudes, the effects of a range of race-neutral attitude determinants were controlled for, namely individual and structural crime attributions, perceived seriousness of crime, crime victimization, conservatism and news exposure. Results show a strong effect of symbolic racism on both types of crime policies, and in particular on punitive policies. High levels of symbolic racism are associated with support for tough, punitive crime policies and with opposition to preventive policies. Sub-dimensions of symbolic racism qualified these relationships, by showing that internal symbolic racism (assessing perceived individual deficiencies of Blacks) was most strongly predictive of punitiveness, whereas external symbolic racism (denial of institutional discrimination) predicted opposition to structural remedies. On the whole, despite the effects of race-neutral factors, the impact of symbolic racism on policy attitudes was substantial. Thus, White public opinion on both punitive and preventive crime policies is at least partially driven by racial prejudice.     

云南省西双版纳州遏制毒品犯罪对策研究

地处边境一线,毗邻毒品生产基地的西双版纳州,随着禁毒斗争形势的变化,毒情形势严峻,严重威胁着边疆的稳定与边境地区和谐社会的构建。遏制对策:1.严厉打击毒品犯罪活动;2.推进“无毒社区”和“无毒乡镇”的创建;3.开展毒品犯罪预防教育;4.加强国际合作;5.替代发展。     

使用假币罪比较研究

对于使用假币的行为 ,各国刑法大多规定为犯罪。对于本罪的构成要件 ,中外刑法除对主体要件认识一致外 ,对于该罪其他要件的规定 ,则存在着一定差异。在侵害法益上 ,外国刑法普遍认为是公共信用 ,笔者认为是国家对货币的流通管理制度。在犯罪对象上 ,外国认为是伪造、变造的硬币、纸币或银行券 ,我国认为是伪造的货币 ,不包括变造的货币。在客观要件上 ,中外刑法均认为是将假币冒充真币投入流通领域 ,但我国还有数额较大的程度要求。在主观要件上 ,中外刑法均认为是出于故意 ,笔者认为还须具有“使用”之目的。