Beyond the public and private divide: remapping transnational climate governance in the 21st century

This article provides a first step towards a better theoretical and empirical knowledge of the emerging arena of transnational climate governance. The need for such a re-conceptualization emerges from the increasing relevance of non-state and transnational approaches towards climate change mitigation at a time when the intergovernmental negotiation process has to overcome substantial stalemate and the international arena becomes increasingly fragmented. Based on a brief discussion of the increasing trend towards transnationalization and functional segmentation of the global climate governance arena, we argue that a remapping of climate governance is necessary and needs to take into account different spheres of authority beyond the public and international. Hence, we provide a brief analysis of how the public/private divide has been conceptualized in Political Science and International Relations. Subsequently, we analyse the emerging transnational climate governance arena. Analytically, we distinguish between different manifestations of transnational climate governance on a continuum ranging from delegated and shared public–private authority to fully non-state and private responses to the climate problem. We suggest that our remapping exercise presented in this article can be a useful starting point for future research on the role and relevance of transnational approaches to the global climate crisis.

Contrasting simulated and empirical experiments in crime prevention

This paper argues that simulated experiments of crime prevention interventions are an important class of research methods that compare favorably with empirical experiments. It draws on Popper’s demarcation between science and non-science (Conjectures and refutations: the growth of scientific knowledge. Routledge, London, 1992) and Epstein’s principle of generative explanation (Generative social science: studies in agent-based computational modeling. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2006) to show how simulated experiments can falsify theory. The paper compares simulated and empirical experiments and shows that simulations have strengths that empirical methods lack, but they also have important relative weaknesses. We identify three threats to internal validity and two forms of external validity peculiar to simulated experiments. The paper also looks at the problem of validating simulations with crime data and suggests that simulations need to mimic the error production processes involved in the creation of empirical data. It concludes by listing ways simulations can be used to improve empirical experiments and discussing the differing operating assumption of empirical and simulation experimentalists.

Bayesian analysis and the accumulation of evidence in crime and justice intervention studies

In recent years a great deal of attention has turned to the need for policy-relevant research in criminology. Methodologically, attention has been trained on the use of randomized experimental designs and cumulative systematic reviews of evidence to accomplish this goal. Our work here reviews and demonstrates the utility of the Bayesian analytic framework, in the context of crime prevention and justice treatment studies, as a means of furthering the goals of research synthesis and creation of policy-relevant scientific statements. Evidence from various fields is used as a foundation for the discussion, and an empirical example illustrates how this approach might be useful in practical criminological research. It is concluded that Bayesian analysis offers a useful complement to existing approaches and warrants further inclusion in the ongoing discussion about how best to assess program effectiveness, synthesize evidence, and report findings from crime and justice evaluations in a way that is relevant to policy makers and practitioners.

Victims’ perceptions of the police response as a predictor of victim cooperation in the Netherlands: a prospective analysis

The current study prospectively explores whether crime victims’ willingness to cooperate with the police is predicted by victims’ perceptions of police officers’ behaviour with regard to their case through their perceptions of police legitimacy. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the interrelationships between the study variables while controlling for baseline values among a sample of 201 crime victims in the Netherlands. Results indicate that victims’ perceptions of procedural justice and police performance were predictive of both indicators of perceived police legitimacy (i.e. obligation to obey the law and trust in the police). Moreover, victims’ willingness to cooperate with the police was indirectly predicted by victims’ perceptions of procedural justice and police performance, through their perceptions of obligation to obey the law. These findings suggest that police officers may play an important role in stimulating victims’ willingness to cooperate with the police by treating victims fairly and by taking investigative actions to solve the crime.     

论我国古代刑法中的拟制

刑法中的拟制在我国刑法发展进程中的各个时期都占有一席之地。现阶段,客观存在于我国刑法中的拟制是在承继中华法系传统基础上的发展。刑法中拟制的产生和发展是作为公法的理性刑法理性的必然结果,是理性刑法理性思考后的现实选择。     

巨额财产来源不明罪法定刑的冷思考

巨额财产来源不明罪存在着严重的逻辑结构硬伤、蕴涵价值缺失和损耗,有违罪刑法定之嫌,不利于犯罪人的人权保障。从该罪深层次的价值取向、立法本意以及行为性质等法理依据上看,该罪的法定刑有其正当性,但也不宜再提高该罪的法定刑。     

广州市城中村扫黑除恶中存在问题与对策探析

扫黑除恶专项斗争开展以来,广州市公安局侦破的黑恶势力犯罪团伙绝大多数在城中村.打击取得一定的成绩的同时,存在对核心骨干成员深挖不够,运动式打黑除恶的现象以及思想仍然存在,“打早打小”政策落实方面不到位等问题.应从治理与预防两方面入手.治理方面,除司法层面的治理措施以外,还需要综合治理.预防方面,总体层面要重构“打早打小...     

我国刑事侦查程序中存在的若干问题

刑事侦查程序在性质上属于行政程序,在我国的刑事诉讼程序中占有重要的地位。我国刑事诉讼侦查结构属于职权主义,强调国家机关的权力。因此,侦查权相对显得过于强大,受到的制约少,出现的问题多且影响大。侦查实践中应该强化程序意识,注重人权保障,以实现真正的司法公正。     

法律要件分类说与刑事证明责任分配——兼与龙宗智教授商榷

法律要件分类说是民事诉讼中证明责任分配的主流学说,关于该说对刑事证明责任分配适用的可能性,学界一致持基本否定的态度。这种否定态度是因为对证明责任基本概念存在诸多误解造成的。刑事和民事证明责任分配的基本方案,均应建立在对各法律要件进行分类基础之上,只不过各自对法律要件进行分类的具体方法存在重大差别。民事诉讼中以罗森贝克规范说的分类方法为典型代表,而刑事诉讼中法律要件分类的结果则体现为犯罪构成体系。应当从法律要件分类的视角,重新审视我国犯罪构成体系重构问题,从而使刑事证明责任的分配有章可循。     

中国公民在俄罗斯违法犯罪现状初探

中俄关系不断发展,不论是高层政治经济关系还是民间关系都呈现出快速发展的形势.现阶段,中国公民在活跃俄罗斯市场、补充俄罗斯劳动力同时,也带来一些新问题.中国公民在俄罗斯违法犯罪既有普遍性,又有其特殊性.既有来自中国公民自身的因素,也有来自双方警务机构和管理层面的因素和地域上的特殊性.