politeness,Chinese Style

正Confucius said,"By nature we converge;by custom,we diverge."Simply put,people from all cultures are endowed with the same hardware;it’s our cultural programming that makes us different.Language use captures and shows differences in how we express     

CustomNegotiations.org: A Free Resource for Creating Custom Negotiation Simulations

Negotiation role‐playing simulations are among the most effective and widely used methods for teaching and conducting research on negotiations. Teachers and researchers can either license a published, “off‐the‐shelf” simulation or write their own custom “bespoke” simulation. Off‐the‐shelf simulations are usually high‐quality, include teaching materials, and are typically priced affordably, whereas bespoke simulations are fully customizable and ensure that participants will face a novel challenge. In this article, I introduce a third option: CustomNegotiations.org, a free resource for creating custom negotiation simulations that have the benefits of both off‐the‐shelf and bespoke simulations. I describe this resource and preview how negotiation instructors can use it to customize simulations for their own classes. I also discuss possible future directions for this kind of platform.     

对第三人侵害债权的见解

目前,世界上大多数国家都确立了第三人侵害债权制度,以辅助违约责任的救济,最大限度地保障债权人利益,而我国尚未确立该制度。依据传统理论,相对性是成立第三人侵害债权制度建立的最大障碍,债权作为相对权不能成为侵权行为的客体。本文也从这几个问题入手,提出不同的观点,希望能给立法者提出建议,以期在我国尽快建立第三人侵害债权制度。     

论土家族哭嫁歌的孝道内涵

土家族哭嫁歌中蕴涵着丰富的孝亲内涵,它是出嫁女子要求孝敬自己双亲的真实反映,也是新娘的家人对她孝敬公婆的婚前教育。在以哭为喜,以哭定才德的心理下,哭也是出嫁女子对父母尽孝的一种表现。     

湘西永顺土家族祭油神习俗研究——基于长光村的田野调查

祭油神习俗是湘西永顺土家族历史上普遍存在的一种文化现象,现今还保存在部分土家族传统村落之中。永顺长光村土家族祭油神习俗主要表现在油茶生产的相关禁忌以及仪式两个方面。湖南永顺油茶林农复合系统是武陵山区农业生产的重要内容,是活态传承着的重要农业文化遗产,从这个意义上来说,祭油神是一种农耕文化习俗。     

试论丧服习俗的起源

丧服是丧俗的一部分,普遍存在于世界各国和各民族中.丧服作为一种特殊而久远的文化现象,反映了不同历史时期、不同人群、不同宗教信仰的特定的文化方式和内心世界.然而,生者为死者穿上特定的丧服从何时兴起?发源于何处?从中外考古发现、大量古代文献分析及采用碳14测定等依据推论,丧服习俗最早起源时期约在母系氏族社会的晚期,即新石器时代,与葬俗同期,其产生的文化根源和主要原因是先民对鬼魂的恐惧心理和对祖先崇拜的宗教行为.     

中国古代的民事诉讼习惯

中国早期的民事审判，采取灵活的程序和开放的形式。春秋战国后，以成文法典为主，多种法律形式并存，法典中刑事法律制度详尽，民事法律制度粗疏，民事诉讼制度更是寥寥无几。民事实体法主要表现为礼仪、风俗，民事程序法仍然保留了诉讼习惯形式。民事诉讼习惯不仅反映制度生成的具体环境和条件，而且通过实证的视角，展现了制度运行的细节及其作用、功能和价值。民事诉讼习惯是包括官府和当事人在内的所有诉讼主体必须遵循的规范，随着时间和地域的差异，表现出了多样性和灵活性，服务于国家和地方政府的社会治理目标。     

Exit,voice, and loyalty: Parent–child relations in the proto-industrial household economy (Zürich, 17th–18th centuries)

This article formulates a simple model of parent–child interest conflicts. Based on a simple model of a household economy with a production or wage income function, a labor maintenance cost function, and an externally given wage rate, it discusses potential conflicts over the appropriation of the product of family members' labor in terms of the trilogy of exit, voice, and loyalty. The model is then explored by using household lists that provide detailed information on the economic activity of individuals. Many young proto-industrial workers used the threat of exiting their parents' household to keep much of their earnings through the Rast custom (boarding allowance). The threat of leaving operated well among the middle and lower classes of proto-industrial society, but it is unclear whether it also worked for the daughters of farmers who apparently left home much earlier than their brothers. The discourse of contemporaries about the Rast custom are considered and interpreted as a counterstrategy against the exit threat in which the elders fostered a sense of loyalty among the young.     

从政治化生存到政治性生存：古代自然法的现代理论价值

古代自然法是以自然与习俗的对立为理论进路，对人类本源生存方式和社会秩序存在基础的寻求。本文试图从自然在古代自然法理论中的地位出发，阐释古代自然法理论的内涵，进而揭示古代自然法的现代理论价值，即理解政治世界与伦理生活的内在同一性是人类进入政治性生存的重要理论路径。     

论妨害经营侵权行为及其责任

商业侵权是现代侵权行为法发展起来的一种特殊侵权行为,这类侵权行为主要发生在商业领域,妨害经营侵权行为是商业侵权中较典型的一种。本文主要围绕妨害经营侵权行为的特征、构成要件及法律救济展开论述。