Customary Homicides in Diyarbakir Province

This study presents an analysis of the causes of so‐called honor killings in the context of “customary homicide” and a discussion of preventive measures. Finalized case files of customary homicide between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2012 were retrospectively examined in Diyarbakir Province, Turkey. Of a total of 28 case victims, 17 (60.7%) were females and 11 (39.3%) were males. All perpetrators were male. There was a significant difference between male and female victims in terms of economic independence (p = 0.000). A direct blood relationship or relationship by marriage (such as brother‐in‐law) was found to have a significant association with the gender of the victim (p < 0.001). Multilevel educational activities targeting a transformation of the perception of women by society, replacement of patriarchal models with more modern attitudes, and encouragement of individuality may represent effective strategies that may help reduce the number of customary homicide, which represents a multifaceted problem.     

中国代孕规制的模式选择

代孕是一个法律、伦理上的共同难题,国外存在着私法自治型、政府管制型、完全禁止型三种规制模式。中国政府采取了完全禁止的规制模式,却未能取得、也很难取得预期的效果。代孕是实现生育权的一种方式,却可能与代孕者、小孩的人格尊严和公序良俗相抵触。国家对代孕的规制,应该本着基本权利的基本原理,考量社会的接纳程度,在生育权、人格尊严与公序良俗之间作出适当的权衡,从而抛弃完全禁止的规制模式,履行其对多种基本权利的保护义务。     

关于习惯与法律关系的误会——民国立法中的一个争论

本文大致梳理了民国时期民事立法中关于习惯去取的理论争论,通过对这些争论的不同理论进行分析,来观照当时学者及立法当局观念的理论意涵,指出就习惯问题发生的争论,主旨在于中国现代法律的正当性所在,并进一步试图阐发、质疑立法思想中对于习惯与法律间关系的误解。     

Population genetics for Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tujia ethnic group

Allele and haplotype frequencies of 11 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) included in the PowerPlex^® Y Systems (Promega) were determined in a sample of 215 unrelated healthy male individuals of Chinese Tujia ethnic group living in Chongqing (Southwest of China). The gene diversity values of the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.3757(DYS391) to 0.9170 (DYS385a/b). A total of 195 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 180 were unique, 11 were found in two individuals, 3 were shared in three individuals and 1 was shared in four individuals. The observed haplotype diversity value and discrimination capacity were 0.9942 and 0.9070, respectively.     

国家制定法与民事习惯之秩序——以酒店12时退房法律问题为个案

酒店12点退房是国家法律没有明确规定的行业习惯，也是交易习惯，属于广义上的民事习惯范畴。酒店12点退房习惯引起的争议说明国家法律对民事习惯有必要留有一定空间，民法典或者立法法中承认习惯法的法源地位，并对制定法和民事习惯的援用秩序作出一般性规定，以便法院审理涉及民事习惯的案件，也未来的民法典的社会适应性提供必要的张力。     

“交易习惯”研究

习惯、习惯法在漫长的人类社会中起着重要作用 ,近现代各国都比较重视习惯法的研究工作 ;相反 ,具有数千年习惯法 (礼 )传统的我国对习惯法的研究却甚少。新通过的《合同法》用九个条文规定“交易习惯”的适用。本文认为 ,合同法所言“交易习惯”即指习惯法 ,其成立要件及其在合同法中的作用在文中将得到具体讨论。文末 ,作者还对交易习惯在立法、执法和司法方面的具体实务提出了自己的看法。     

Exit, voice, and loyalty: Parent–child relations in the proto-industrial household economy (Zürich, 17th–18th centuries)

This article formulates a simple model of parent–child interest conflicts. Based on a simple model of a household economy with a production or wage income function, a labor maintenance cost function, and an externally given wage rate, it discusses potential conflicts over the appropriation of the product of family members' labor in terms of the trilogy of exit, voice, and loyalty. The model is then explored by using household lists that provide detailed information on the economic activity of individuals. Many young proto-industrial workers used the threat of exiting their parents' household to keep much of their earnings through the Rast custom (boarding allowance). The threat of leaving operated well among the middle and lower classes of proto-industrial society, but it is unclear whether it also worked for the daughters of farmers who apparently left home much earlier than their brothers. The discourse of contemporaries about the Rast custom are considered and interpreted as a counterstrategy against the exit threat in which the elders fostered a sense of loyalty among the young.     

多元的物权法源及其适用规律

从我国物权的立法、司法、交易等实践情况来看,我国的物权法源是多元的。在属于规范性法律文件的法源中,国家立法机构制定的物权法等狭义法律是核心,它们的位阶平等,相互间存在替代、细化、补充等关系。狭义法律之外的其他规范性法律文件,包括行政法规、地方性法规、没有变通规定的自治条例、单行条例或经济特区法规、司法解释、部门规章、地方政府规章,解释和细化了狭义法律,在不违背狭义法律目的的前提下,给物权内容提供了重要支撑。规范性法律文件所认可的法源包括国家有关规定或国务院的有关规定以及当事人订立的合同。在上述法源之外,习惯与物权法的根本宗旨、基本定位、整体风格、相关规定等高度契合,在无其他法源可供适用时起到补充作用。中国共产党的政策在农村土地物权领域发挥着重要作用,在它与狭义法律不一致时,承载基本政策和具体政策的党中央文件可作为法院裁判说理的依据.但不能成为裁判依据。     

新时代农村基层党组织推进乡风文明建设的逻辑理路

乡风文明建设,不仅关乎农村社会稳定发展,还是新时代实施乡村振兴战略的精神保障。农村基层党组织是党在农村全部工作的基础,新时代农村基层党组织推进乡风文明建设具有一以贯之的内在逻辑。在新时代的历史方位中,农村社会进入全面转型期,这不仅给农村基层党组织推进乡风文明建设带来了诸多机遇,还使其面临农村集体经济式微、农村基层党组织公信力减弱、农村文化发展失魂、部分农民不良陋习与"等靠要"贫困心理滋生等现实挑战。有鉴于此,巩固、扩大乡风文明建设已有成果,需要农村基层党组织以发展壮大农村集体经济为主要抓手、以获取农民对农村基层党组织的信任为突破点、以传承发展农村优秀传统文化为核心、以移风易俗实践活动为主要治理手段、把消除贫困农民精神贫困作为重要内容,积极探索乡风文明建设的新路径。     

法律人类学视阈下贵州德江土家族炸龙调查研究

炸龙源于德江土家族对龙的信仰,德江土家炸龙是有着悠久的历史及文化意义的民间活动。炸龙包含扎龙、起水、亮龙、送帖子、入户舞龙、送龙宝、炸龙、烧龙仪式及祈福彩语。法律人类学视阈下土家炸龙反映了德江土家族信仰和禁忌体系的象征性符号演变、自发秩序与建构秩序的博弈、民间权威与纠纷解决互动以及权威体系变迁中的非正式制度与正式制度的平衡。社会转型中德江土家炸龙也面临着利益过度追逐、自发因素受限以及风险危机等问题。避免炸龙的"越轨",提出规范引领提升土家文化自信,法治保障推进土家炸龙文化发展,充分发挥民间组织的作用,重塑土家炸龙的新时代价值。