论回避宪法判断原则

作为"权利的宣言书",宪法最明快地保护人权,理当在实践中发挥作用.但即使在宪法审查制度发达的国家,法院在引用宪法上也恪守消极主义立场,尽量回避宪法性判断,在法律层面上处理案件,充分尊重普通法律的稳定和立法权的独立.然而法律的制定常受现实的影响,从而忽略宪法的基本原则,如果盲目坚持回避宪法判断的原则,就会姑息纵容损害基本权的立法行为.所以当基本权受到明显的、持续的、严重的侵犯时,各国法院仍会积极适用宪法判断.这一点也值得国内实务界和学术界适当借鉴,以应付以宪法为诉讼依据的案件和事件.     

《死刑案件证据规定》第23条的诠释与解读——以鉴定意见审查判断为视角

2010年7月1日《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》已正式实施,该规定第23条明确规定了鉴定意见审查判断时应当着重考察的若干事项。鉴定意见作为现代诉讼活动中的“证据之王”,在案件事实认定中具有极为重要的地位,甚至在死刑案件中扮演着“一纸定生死”的角色。通过对《死刑案件证据规定））第23条的诠释与解读,进一步明确刑事案件,尤其是死刑案件中的鉴定意见证据能力及证明力,有助于切实保障案件裁判的司法公正、维护案件当事各方的合法权益。     

我国外资准入制度的现状、问题及其重构

我国对外资不区分行业一律进行普遍的多元行政审批,不仅导致审批效率的低下与行政资源的浪费,而且不利于实现合理利用、引导外资为我国经济结构调整及产业升级服务的政策目标。外资准入制度的改革是一项需多方协调配合的系统工程。实体性行业政策的科学制定是外资准入制度重构的前提与基础。审批程序的改革则需区分具体行业,从鼓励类、允许类等对我国国民经济冲击较小的行业开始,分层次、分步骤地逐步简化外资准入的审批层级,合理限定审批内容。另外,在优化审批程序的同时,应构筑多重风险防范体系,通过国家安全审查、反垄断审查等立体化制度安排,防范外资对我国尚处于发展中的国民经济体系造成过度冲击。     

对文件检验课程研究型实验教学的设计与操作

21世纪是创新的时代,公安高等教育改革传统的实验教学方式,探索研究型实验教学方法,培养创新型、能力型人才是时代的需要。文章介绍了文件检验课程研究型实验教学设计与操作的步骤及方法。实践证明：研究型实验教学不仅充分调动了学生的实验热情和学习主动性,培养了学生的团队精神,而且为撰写毕业论文打下了良好的科研基础。     

司法考试背景下地方院校民法本科教学改革

在校本科生可以参加司法考试,对我国本科法学教育产生了强烈冲击,也要求正确处理好法学本科教育与司法考试的关系.针对民法课程的自身特点,鉴于其在本科法学教育和司法考试中具有的举足轻重地位,集中体现了法学本科教育与司法考试的冲突与契合.理性看待司法考试对法学本科教育的负面影响,结合地方院校的自身地位和特点,促进司法考试背景下...     

我国行政审批制度改革刍议

随着经济体制改革和行政管理体制改革的深化,我国行政审批制度改革取得一定成效.但在发展中也暴露出问题.行政审批制度改革的深入,应从加快行政审批法制建设步伐,依法清理行政审批项目,创建行政审批新体制,加强对行政审批行为监督等方面着手,不断推动行政审批的制度化和法律化.     

Passport examination by polarized infrared spectra

In this study, a new nondestructive technique for passport examination is proposed. In this technique, linearly polarized light is used to measure Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance spectra of films on the biographical data page. Thirty genuine and thirty-five counterfeit Japanese passports and five marketed films pasted on name cards were examined. The measured spectra were analyzed as follows. The absorption spectra were obtained by the Kramers-Kronig transformations of reflectance spectra. The peak ratios were then calculated from the absorption spectra by adding the peak areas at 1126 and 1263 cm(-1) and dividing the result by the peak area at 1727 cm(-1). When nonpolarized light was used, the samples could not be distinguished by comparing the peak ratios. However, when polarized light was used, they were successfully distinguished by the comparison. Therefore, polarized light is useful for the forensic discrimination of passport films by the measurement of FT-IR spectra.     

练习摹仿笔迹的检验

在笔迹检验所受理的案件中,采取练习摹仿手法进行作案的呈上升趋势。练习摹仿笔迹酷似被摹仿人笔迹,仿真度高。如何准确识别摹仿,认定摹仿人,已成为当前文检工作者研究的重点课题之一。本文作者总结实践经验,参考有关文献,探讨了练习摹仿笔迹的形成机理、特点、变化规律、相关因素及检验对策。     

Analysis of Pigmented Inkjet Printer Inks and Printed Documents by Laser Desorption/Mass Spectrometry*,†

Abstract: Anyone with a computer, scanner, and color printer has the capability for creating documents such as identification cards, passports, and counterfeit currency. Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for colorant analysis. Inkjet printers are now moving largely toward the use of pigments as colorants; their insolubility makes analysis by simpler methods such as thin‐layer chromatography no longer an option. Recent developments in pigmented inkjet printer inks, such as gloss optimizers that coat pigment particles, may prohibit colorant analysis by LDMS. We demonstrate here that pigments used in inks from two Epson printers can be detected and analyzed by LDMS. Also, LDMS spectra of various colors created using a 4‐cartridge (cyan/magenta/yellow/black, CMYK) inkset are evaluated, to begin to develop an approach for unraveling LDMS data from real samples, to determine the number of inks used by a printer, and the chemical composition of the colorants.     

浓缩DNA法结合miniSTR分型技术检验微量DNA

目的优化低拷贝数DNA STR分型方法。方法对采用磁珠法或Chelex-100法提取DNA,Identi-filer试剂盒扩增,未获得分型结果的日常检案检材,采用物理浓缩法或过柱浓缩法浓缩DNA,采用miniFilerTM试剂盒再次扩增分型。结果 127例检材中,47例磁珠法提取DNA未获得分型的样品,分型成功率为36%;80例Chelex-100法提取DNA未获分型的样品,分型成功率为30%。结论采用浓缩法和miniFilerTM试剂盒,可以提高日常检案中低拷贝数检材的STR检验分型成功率。