The Relationship Between the Surface Morphology and Chemical Composition of Gunshot Residue Particles

In this study, chemical composition and morphology of gunshot residue (GSR) of 9 × 19 mm Parabellum‐type MKE (Turkey)‐brand ammunition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. GSR samples were collected by “swab” technique from the shooter's right hand immediately after shooting. According to general principles of thermodynamics, it is likely that the structures will have a more regular (homogeneous) spherical form to minimize their surface area due to very high temperatures and pressures that occur during explosion. Studied samples were collected under the same conditions with the same original ammunition, from the same firearm and a single shooter. This is because many other variables may affect size, structure, and composition in addition to the concentrations of elements of the structure. Results indicated that the chemical compositions are effective in the formation of GSR morphological structures.     

Fatal Intoxication with α‐PVP,a Synthetic Cathinone Derivative

This study presents the fatal case of a young man who was admitted to the ICAU due to sudden cardiac arrest. An interview revealed that the patient had taken some unspecified crystals. From the moment of admission, his condition deteriorated dramatically as a result of increasing circulatory insufficiency. After a few hours, sudden cardiac arrest occurred again and the patient was pronounced dead. In the course of a medicolegal autopsy, samples of biological material were preserved for toxicology tests and histopathological examination. The analysis of samples using the LC‐MS/MS technique revealed the presence of α‐PVP in the following concentrations: blood—174 ng/mL, urine—401 ng/mL, brain—292 ng/g, liver—190 ng/g, kidney—122 ng/g, gastric contents—606 ng/g. The study also presents findings from the parallel histopathological examination. Based on these findings, cardiac arrest secondary to intoxication with alpha‐PVP was determined as the direct cause of the patient's death.     

国外法医临床学发展史

法医临床学是法医学的重要分支学科,正处于蓬勃发展阶段。研究法医临床学的发展史,对明确其定义和实践范畴,维护司法公正,具有重要意义。本文将从“简介、历史溯源、18世纪之后的法医临床学发展、现代法医临床学、世界法医临床学司法实践现状和结语”六个部分介绍法医临床学在国外,尤其是英国的发展历史,促进我国法医临床学的学科建设和发展。     

Characterization of Printing Inks Using DART‐Q‐TOF‐MS and Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) FTIR

The rise in improved and widely accessible printing technology has resulted in an interest to develop rapid and minimally destructive chemical analytical techniques that can characterize printing inks for forensic document analysis. Chemical characterization of printing inks allows for both discrimination of inks originating from different sources and the association of inks originating from the same source. Direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) were used in tandem to analyze four different classes of printing inks: inkjets, toners, offset, and intaglio. A total of 319 samples or ~ 80 samples from each class were analyzed directly on a paper substrate using the two methods. DART‐MS was found to characterize the semi‐volatile polymeric vehicle components, while ATR‐FTIR provided chemical information associated with the bulk components of these inks. Complimentary data results in improved discrimination when both techniques are used in succession resulting in >96% discrimination for all toners, 95% for all inkjets, >92% for all offset, and >54% for all intaglio inks.     

36例脑血管畸形猝死案例及法医病理学分析

目的探讨脑血管畸形猝死的法医病理学特点和检查方法。方法对1997年至2006年10月四川华西鉴定中心所做36例脑血管畸形猝死病例进行分析。结果脑血管畸形猝死以10~49岁男性为主,有25例(69.44%)。18例(50%)发病前有明显诱因。18例(50%)在发病后1h内迅速死亡。脑血管畸形猝死的病理类型以脑动静脉畸形最为常见,有33例(91.67%)。24例(66.67%)发生于脑底部、桥脑和小脑。破裂出血是脑血管畸形猝死的直接死因,出血类型以蛛网膜下腔出血最为常见,有22例(61.11%)。脑血管畸形部位和形态复杂多变,常规检查方法不能满足鉴定的需要。结论脑血管畸形猝死的鉴定百分之百准确比较困难,熟悉其法医病理学特点,掌握多种检查方法,才能做出客观、全面、准确的鉴定结论。     

测谎结论的证据问题研究

近年来,测谎被广泛应用于我国刑事司法领域,并在侦查破案和审判中发挥了不可替代的重要作用。由于测谎目前在理论和实践中均未统一,加之我国对于测谎结论的适用尚无明确的法律规定,已有的司法解释也没有解决实质问题,加深了人们对测谎结论的质疑,即测谎结论的证据资格问题。因此,明晰测谎结论的证据资格和应有的法律地位,是我国刑事诉讼法学理论亟需研究的一个问题。     

意外死亡尸检率下降原因分析

本文调查分析了公众对意外死亡是否同意进行尸检态度的影响因素。利用设计的“公众对意外死亡进行尸检认知情况调查问卷”对386名社会随机个体进行问卷调查。运用Logistic回归分析、最优尺度回归分析的统计学方法对回收的问卷进行分析。通过调查分析，发现公众对尸检相关知识了解程度的因素、对尸检结果的认可程度因素、文化程度因素、家庭经济状况因素，影响着公众对意外死亡后尸体解剖检验的态度。     

简论言语识别在文检中的应用

近年来,文件检验技术有了很大的发展,把语言学作为刑事技术手段应用于侦查破案中,为文件检验开拓了新的领域。在办案实践中,充分注意作案人的言语特征,通过对作案人的言语识别,能够在一定程度上为侦查工作提供方向和范围,为认定作案人提供客观依据。本文试以运用语言学知识,然后结合本地区实际和所办的案件探讨了如何从作案者的年龄、职业、文化程度和性别和地域特征等方面,给作案人“画像”。     

论鉴定结论质证的路径依赖

鉴定结论是鉴定人利用自己的专门知识或经验对案件事实或其他证据的解读,在保证鉴定结论准确性的三条进路中,提升质证质量不失为较佳的路径依赖。对鉴定结论的质证应当在当事人以及诉讼代理人参加的诉讼环境中引入专家辅助人和专家陪审员的参与机制,通过形成专家陪审员、专家辅助人和鉴定人三维构造的庭审质证模式使鉴定结论质量得到提升,从而保证借助鉴定结论认定事实的准确性。     

泥土物证检验技术的现状及发展

本文综述了国内外泥土物证的检验方法。针对目前我国泥土物证多,但发现提取送检的少;泥土成分多,但被检验的成分少的特点,提出泥土物证检验应向小样品量、多参数综合检验方向发展的观点,以求引起更多同行的关注,充分发挥泥土物证在侦破案件、证实犯罪中的作用。