东盟国家失业保障制度研究

本文首先对东盟国家的失业保障制度进行分述,内容包括就业服务与职业技能培训、失业救助、失业保险、失业福利等;接着概括出东盟国家失业保障制度具有发展不平衡、就业导向性强但保障功能弱、学徒制度发挥了重要作用以及把遣散费看作一种失业福利等特点;本文提出了东盟国家失业保障制度由失业救济向失业保险并最终向以失业保险为主体,商业保险与社会援助为补充的多支柱的就业导向型的失业保障制度过渡的发展趋势。     

维护失业女工的生育保险权益——各省市《失业保险条例》和《生育保险条例》研究

目前中国只有部分省市在其《失业保险条例》或《生育保险条例》中明确保证了失业女工的生育保险权益,大多数省市还不能明确保证,不利于维护失业女工的生育保险权益。国家颁布的《失业保险条例》或《生育保险条例》应该确保失业女工享受生育保险,各地在制定出台相关规定时,也应该主动关照失业女工的生育保险权益。     

Economic reasons for the break-up of Yugoslavia

The history of Yugoslavia continues to attract academic attention more than twenty years after the violent break-up of this federative state. Analyzing why it happened can be instructive in dealing with many unsolved problems in the region. The article will argue that deteriorating economics triggered all other factors leading to eventual disintegration of Yugoslavia. Specifically, during the 1980s external and internal economic imbalances, coupled with substantial regional disparities, resulted in a situation which was no longer acceptable to some constituent republics, especially the wealthier ones. Unfortunately, their secession was followed by a violent conflict which still resonates throughout South-Eastern Europe.     

Compounded Risk: The Implications for Delinquency of Coming from a Poor Family that Lives in a Poor Community

The relationship between poverty and juvenile involvement in delinquency remains central to the study of adolescent development, but firm conclusions on this relationship have been elusive. The purpose of this study is to address an important limitation of prior research that often has been overlooked. This involves the standard practice of examining the poverty-delinquency relationship with an exclusive focus on the family's level of poverty. This study considers that the effects of family poverty on delinquency may significantly depend upon the level of poverty in the community in which the family lives. Specifically, drawing from a number of poverty-oriented theories of delinquency, we examine the hypothesis that community poverty amplifies the effects of family poverty, such that family poverty's effect becomes greater when community poverty also is high. Using data from a national sample of adolescents that are supplemented with U.S. census data, we find partial support for the idea that family poverty is consequential for delinquency, and that this is especially true for poor families that also live in poor communities.

贯彻实施失业保险条例的几个问题

贯彻实施《失业保险条例》一年多来 ,仍存在不少问题 ,主要包括 :实施范围不一致 ;缴费比例不统一 ;开支项目随意扩大化 ;待遇申领条件人为地加以限制 ;经办机构经费难落实等。这些都是影响《条例》全面贯彻落实的重要因素。本文对上述问题进行了粗浅分析 ,并提出了解决的措施建议     

城市再就业工程中的"瓶颈"与突破

当前失业下岗人员是我国工人阶级中的第一代失业人员,具有历史性、结构性、政治性特征,成为当前社会风险最重要的矛盾源。失业下岗问题中的瓶颈表现在:企业劳动关系不协调;失业下岗职工自身不适应;劳动力市场不规范等问题。     

Voters’ perceptions of government performance and attributions of responsibility: Electoral control in Poland

We test the claim that elections function as a mechanism of accountability in the case of Poland, a new democracy with a fluid party system. We ask whether individuals’ vote intentions are based on assessments of governing parties’ performance. Taking into consideration attributions of responsibility for such performance, accountability exists if assessments of poor performance decrease the probability of voting for a ruling party. We use two criteria of performance: perceived change in unemployment rate and level of corruption between two consecutive elections. Using data from the Polish POLPAN panel survey, our results confirm the existence of a heterogeneous sanctioning model.     

国外工会如何参与解决就业问题

失业现象加剧成为长期困扰各国政府和工会的重要问题。国外工会多把参与解决就业问题作为重要任务,并为此积极探索工会工作的新思路。     

失业人员引发社会治安问题的文化矫正

随着我国社会的变迁,城市失业人员引发了诸多的社会治安问题,对社会秩序有极大的危害。失业人员引发社会治安问题的文化表现主要是文化贬值、价值取向世俗化、法制意识淡薄等。失业人员引发社会问题的文化矫正,主要是用先进文化鼓舞失业人员,提高失业人员的文化素质,立足社区改善失业人员的生活环境,加强控制等。     

Are Reemployment Services Effective? Experimental Evidence from the Great Recession

We examine an experimental‐design reemployment program implemented in Nevada during the Great Recession that required Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients to: (1) undergo an eligibility review to confirm they were qualified for benefits and actively searching for work and, if deemed eligible, (2) receive job‐counseling services. Our results show that the program expedited participant exit from UI, produced UI savings that exceeded program costs, and improved participant employment outcomes. Analyses of program effects on the UI exit likelihood show that the program's effects are partly associated with increased participant exit up through the time when program activities were scheduled, reflecting voluntary exit of participants from UI to avoid program activities and disqualifications of participants who failed to meet eligibility requirements. In addition, the program induced substantial participant exit from UI in the period after participants fulfilled requirements and their interactions with the program had ended, suggesting that the job‐counseling services offered by the program may have helped participants to conduct more effective job searches. Our findings provide evidence that reemployment programs that combine an eligibility review with mandatory participation in job‐search services can be effective during recessions.