日俄国家主义的形态特征及相互关系辨析

日本与俄罗斯,无论在地区还是在全球政治中,都是扮演重要角色的国家。在历史与现实中,两国的国家主义传统既有相似性,又有差异性。两国的国家主义对近代以来各自的历史都产生了重要影响,并且对地区和全球政治格局的构造与变迁发挥过不可忽视的作用。两国的国家主义在历史上既有冲突又有合作,在现实中既有竞争又有协调。作为邻国,日俄两国国家主义的取向和属性,无疑会对中国对日、对俄战略产生基础性影响,它会制约中日关系和中俄关系战略定位的层级。     

从中国近现代史的四个关键问题看马克思主义的中国化

鸦片战争代表着"中国"历史的中断,鸦片战争后"天下"为"世界"所取代,"中国"史融入了"世界"史。从这一语境中重新审视马克思主义对于中国和世界的意义,我们提出和回答四个关键问题:中国近代是谁的"近代";"中华人民共和国"是什么性质的国家;中国特色社会主义是不是"社会主义";科学发展观是哪种意义上的"科学"。从这里可以看到,马克思主义的"中国化"和中国的"马克思主义化"构成了中国融入"世界"的同一过程的两个侧面。     

苏联剧变是信仰危机还是体制危机——兼与杨金华商榷

苏联剧变是20世纪影响世界的大事,其根本原因在于苏共的社会主义实践出了问题。经过70多年的探索,苏共并没有找到适合苏联特点的社会主义建设之路,因此,戈尔巴乔夫的改革发展成改向,在抛弃斯大林模式的同时,也放弃了社会主义道路。这一教训值得共产党人深刻总结,但把苏联剧变的主要原因归为信仰虚无主义危机,是本末倒置。苏联剧变不是信仰虚无主义的问题,是放弃对苏联模式的社会主义的信仰,转而信仰其他选择的问题。发生这一切的根本原因不在于公开性、民主化,而在于原有的信仰空洞无物,未给民众带来实惠。     

宪政民主还是民主宪政?——试论美国最高法院与民主

宪政和民主是现代政治体制中相辅相成的两个部分,如果说民主是河,宪政则是堤。为了限制民主的冲动性与盲目性,美国人制定了成文宪法,在代表制基础上实现了宪政民主。与国会、总统一样,美国最高法院也是民意代表,只不过更为间接和持久。通过解释宪法,美国最高法院不断修补宪政之堤,在尊重民意的基础上引导民意,将宪政民主转向民主宪政,维护了自身的地位与权威。     

The Ends of Deliberation: Meta‐consensus and Inter‐subjective Rationality as Ideal Outcomes

Normative deliberative theory has contributed much to an understanding of ideal procedural standards, but there is considerable uncertainty regarding the appropriate nature of desired deliberative outcomes. In this paper we identify two inter‐related concepts of meta‐consensus and inter‐subjective rationality as outcomes that an authentic deliberative process ought to produce. Importantly, these deliberative ends are consistent with ideal deliberative procedure. They are also empirically tractable, where preference transformation can be described in terms of underlying values, and judgments. Methods for assessing deliberative ends are provided and demonstrated using a case study.     

Family Disputes: Diversity in Defining and Measuring Deliberation

Interdisciplinary deliberative research has grown tremendously over the last decade. Theorists are attending more carefully to the findings of empirical research. And empiricists are framing their research in ways that are tailored to track normative‐theoretical concerns. The recent surge in empirical work on deliberation, however, has led to a huge proliferation of research designs, general measurement strategies, operational criteria, and even definitions of the phenomenon. The diversity in these approaches has become sufficiently great that it seems worthwhile to step back and take stock lest the expanding deliberative research community dissipate its energies in an ironic lack of effective communication across theoretical and methodological approaches. I survey the main sources of theoretical diversity among normative theories of deliberation, along with the diversity of basic strategies for measuring deliberation that follow from them.     

Crafting village democracy in China: The roles, networking, and strategies of provincial elites

There is no obvious and direct correlation between the provincial level of economic development and democratic level of village elections. There is a great disparity in the level of rural democratization and the implementation of village self-governance among and within provinces. The modernization model alone cannot explain why village elections work well in some provinces but not in others. This paper looks at the political elite’s ongoing efforts at provincial level to conduct village elections and implement village self-governance in rural China. These efforts include the strategies for crafting village democracy employed by provincial elites: elite cooperation, local legislature, political responsibility, political programming, and the art of balancing party leadership and village elections. He has published extensively on China’s village elections and local governance. He is author and coauthor of several books. His current research interests include the development of non-state, local governance, and political participation. The author gratefully acknowledges the anonymous reviewers, Professor He Baogang of Deakin University and Professor Zhong Yang of University of Tennessee for their suggestions on an earlier draft. My special thanks to Professor Joseph Fewsmith of Boston University, Professor Tan Qingshan of Cleveland State University, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, as well as to East Asian Institute of National University of Singapore for providing support for this research.     

理想主义、保守主义与布什政府的进攻性民主扩展战略

理想主义和保守主义在人类本性、世界观和历史观、意识形态、思维方式等方面存在交叉或重合,但在改造世界的方式以及对权力政治的态度等方面也存在明显的差异。由于理想主义和保守主义在理论上具有交叉,它们可以融为一体,相互促进。受新保守派的影响,布什政府的民主扩展战略成为理想主义和保守主义的混合物,既有理想主义激情,又有保守主义的态度。正是这种理念的混合使得布什政府的民主扩展战略呈现出咄咄逼人的进攻性特点。     

做好职工思想政治工作是工会的政治责任

职工思想政治工作是党的思想政治工作的重要组成部分,协助党政做好职工思想政治工作是工会的政治责任。     

关于工会成为职工"教育之家"的思考

20世纪80年代的建设职工之家活动风靡一时,工会成为职工“教育之家”是对职工之家的深化和升华,启动职工素质工程,全面提高职工素质,是世界及中国社会发展的需要,也是工会履行职能的一项要务,工会有其自身的优势条件和经验,能够把工会办成职工的“教育之家”。