How the court made a federation of the EU

We analyze the European institutional integration that took place in the 1950s and 1960s as a two-stage process. Firstly, an explicitly political project aims at establishing a European political community. The project is abandoned in the mid-1950s and political integration stops. At that time, the institutions of the Union take the form of a confederation. In a second stage, because of the failure of the European political community, a legal process of integration driven by the European Court of Justice takes place. This second stage of unification is more centralizing and in effect leads to a federalization of the European institutional structure. The transformation of the political structure of the European Union thus appears to result from the actions and decisions of a legal entity, the European Court of Justice.      

Brexit: A Cliff Edge or a Small Bump in the Road?

It is becoming increasingly accepted, not least by the Prime Minister and opposition leadership, that the negotiation of a comprehensive trade relationship with the EU is necessary to prevent the UK economy falling off a ‘cliff edge’. This concern is shaping the UK's strategy towards negotiations with the EU and has provided at least part of the motivation for the UK to consider requesting a transition period to facilitate the Brexit process. But how accurate are these fears? What evidence is there for the existence of a ‘cliff edge’? How disastrous would it be for the UK to revert to trading with the EU on the same basis as most other countries in the world, namely according to World Trade Organisation rules? This article seeks to address these issues and it highlights a number of implications for policy makers which flow from understanding the available evidence a little more clearly.     

苏联剧变是信仰危机还是体制危机——兼与杨金华商榷

苏联剧变是20世纪影响世界的大事,其根本原因在于苏共的社会主义实践出了问题。经过70多年的探索,苏共并没有找到适合苏联特点的社会主义建设之路,因此,戈尔巴乔夫的改革发展成改向,在抛弃斯大林模式的同时,也放弃了社会主义道路。这一教训值得共产党人深刻总结,但把苏联剧变的主要原因归为信仰虚无主义危机,是本末倒置。苏联剧变不是信仰虚无主义的问题,是放弃对苏联模式的社会主义的信仰,转而信仰其他选择的问题。发生这一切的根本原因不在于公开性、民主化,而在于原有的信仰空洞无物,未给民众带来实惠。     

论经济公益诉讼的建立和法治社会的形成——以市民社会和政治国家的对立为视角

依市民社会和政治国家互动理论,经济法是为了约束市场私权与国家公权的过度膨胀而产生和发展的,是整和两者的矛盾运动,使市场经济良性发展的法律路径。依此理论,我们可以更深入认识经济法的本质,经济法是连接市民社会和政治国家的公私性质兼容的法律,这也决定了经济法的程序法必须和它的这种本性相适应,否则难以实现经济法的本质功效。经济公益诉讼的建立正是顺应这种时代发展要求的有益尝试,这一制度的建立也将极大地促进法治社会向前发展。     

对"财产权利之道德正当性"的论证——从洛克与诺齐克的权利理论谈起

诺齐克从洛克,即古典自由主义的自然状态和自然权利中推导出人们于国家和政府出现前即享有抽象财产权利,并通过个人劳动获得对某物的具体独占和支配的权利.我们可以对这种自然权利中推导而出的财产权利的道德正当性反思,并对劳动获取原则中可能存在的缺陷和接受洛克的限制性条款所致的财产权利和福利权利的矛盾性共存的困境进行梳理和质疑.在此基础上,John Hasnas所提出的"经验式自然权利"的解释更值推崇.     

发挥工会组织优势 搞好技术创新活动

组织职工搞好技术创新活动,是工会参与国家转变发展方式的重要切入点。基层工会要紧紧结合企业发展的重点、难点、突破点来落实此项工作。本文从此项工作的切入点、关键点、突破点、落脚点等方面具体介绍了本单位的经验。并从保证、主体、关键、动力上阐述了对职工技术创新的认识和体会。     

私法自治原则的缺失——以前苏联时期民事立法为考察背景

前苏联时期,私法自治原则基于特定的理论基础,在民事立法中出现了制度性缺失,进而影响了当时民事立法基本制度的面貌。这一特定时期发生的这一法律现象,为丰富私法自治原则的理解提供了一个极具理论意义的解读标本。     

欧盟非正规就业对工会的挑战

欧盟国家非正规就业的迅速发展,使工会面临着严峻的挑战。非正规就业的增加直接冲击了传统工会的基础,使工会会员的绝对和相对人数都有很大降低;同时,工会领导的劳工运动长期忽略对非正规就业的权利保护,非正规就业工人难以获得与正规就业平等的待遇。因此,欧盟国家工会需要在增加非正规就业会员和就业监管策略两方面做战略性调整,以应对非正规就业的挑战。     

Transatlantic Economic Relations in a Changing Global Political Economy: Achieving Togetherness but Missing the Bus?

This article focuses on the changing context for transatlantic relations within the global political economy. The first part of the article identifies key areas of structural change in the GPE and in particular the potentially revolutionary shifts caused by global instability and the emergence of new economic powers. The argument then explores changing patterns of economic relations between the EU and the US, within a general framework of continuity created by the coexistence of competition and convergence. These contextual factors are then related to patterns of Atlanticism and transatlanticism, to questions of values and identities in the GPE and to the possibility of an EU–US 'grand strategy' for the changing GPE. The conclusion argues that although there is perhaps more secure ground for a sustainable EU–US 'compact' than previously, the EU and the US may have 'missed the bus' in terms of jointly shaping the future of the global economy.     

从苏联解体看和谐社会的目标指向

苏联解体时人类历史发展进程尤其对国际共产主义运动影响深远。对相关问题的研究,尤其是对苏联解体原因、经验教训的分析与反思,无疑对我国社会主义和谐社会的建设具有重要借鉴意义。