The charismatic leadership of the ECB presidency: A language-based analysis

There is little doubt that the European Central Bank (ECB), and in particular its presidency, has taken the lead in tackling the euro crisis. But can this leadership be also characterised as charismatic? This article answers the question by focusing on language – a key component as well as a reliable indicator of charisma. By means of a software-assisted content analysis of the entire corpus of ECB presidential speeches, it is found that the crisis has indeed led to the emergence of the Bank's presidency as a charismatic euro leader. This in turn confirms the recent politicisation of the ECB, but at the same time might be seen as mitigating the problems related to the Bank's democratic deficit, to the extent that charisma can be seen, from a Weberian standpoint, as an alternative source of political legitimacy.     

潮流与现实悖反：我国机关法人之定位与重构

虽然国内外主流公私法理论基本认可国家主体性二元结构理论,大陆法传统更是认可国家的法人地位而否定国家机关的法人资格,并在立法上形成了公共机构非法人化的事实,但我国受前苏联国家特殊民事主体理论和国家机关法人理论影响,从20世纪50年代开始,就在立法和理论上认可了国家机关的法人地位并延续至今。我国这种国家机关全面法人化的立法事实不仅与世界范围内存在的非法人化潮流形成逆反,造成公法人向私法的遁入,而且与我国司法实践中普遍存在的国家机关的非法人化形成悖反,使机关法人的独立责任在相当程度上成为虚名。因此,在界分公法与私法的基础上,将国家机关的行为主要限定在公法领域,从而在私法领域中原则上否定其独立法人地位,只令其具有辅助国家私法人格与公共职能实现之作用,只有为实现公共利益与公共职能之必要时,例外地承认其独立法人地位。     

社会管理创新视域下高校教职工利益维护长效机制研究

为顺应时代变迁和"场域"置换等所带来的挑战,有效回应高校教职工利益诉求,社会管理机制是应对的一种新理论。就高校的工会工作而言,可以通过"有为"来实现"有位"。为此,需要建立健全高校教职工利益维护的长效机制,即利益表达、补偿、保障、激励、促生机制,从而使高校工会的"精"、"气"、"神"得到高度统一,有效维护高校教职工的切身利益。     

试论我国农村社区正式组织的角色功能--一个社会学的个案研究

从农村基层社区正式组织的基本结构和运作模式实地调查来看,农村社区组织对社区的整体社会生活承担着一种综合的、非专门化的角色功能;农村社区组织在处理国家与社会的关系、与社区成员的关系时,采取的是制度行动与非制度行动相结合和"综合目标导向之下"的博弈均衡策略.同时,由于国家权力在农村基层社区的退却,改变了社区组织角色的功能定位与扮演的原有模式,虽然增强了基层社区自治与自主的权利,却也带来了资源分散、社区动员困难、失控或脱节的不利影响.     

现代人性理论与管理

人性假设理论是研究对人管理中的指导思想和基本原则。由主张任务管理的经济人性假设提出的X理论 ,启迪管理工作必须注意经济效益、建立科学的工作制度、实行奖勤罚懒、奖优罚劣制度、避免“金钱刺激”与“管卡压”的管理方式 ;由主张参与管理的社会人性假设提出的人际关系理论 ,启迪管理工作必须实行民主管理 ,满足人们的社会和心理需求 ,促进人际间的友好与合作关系 ;由主张目标管理的自我实现人性假设提出的Y理论 ,启迪管理工作理应创建一个能满足人们自我发展的工作条件和良好环境、注重发挥内在工作奖励的作用、认可与赞赏人们的智慧、独立性和创造性 ;由主张权变管理的复杂人性假设提出的超Y理论 ,启迪管理工作必须解放思想 ,实事求是 ,创造性地结合本国、本地区、本部门的实际 ,解决现实问题 ,取得相应实效     

Strategic or Principled? The Engagement of Civil Society Organizations with the EU

This article links the literature on the Europeanization of civil society organizations (CSOs) with the literature on the contribution CSOs can make to democracy in the EU. To do so, it asks which are the pull factors that support CSOs’ Europeanization: are they mostly strategic and linked to where law-making and the money are? Or are they likewise linked to a desire to contribute to EU democracy? To explore this question, the article looks at agricultural, environmental and anti-poverty groups and combines fresh qualitative with quantitative data. The findings suggest that we need to distinguish strategic Europeanization, on the one hand, from the identification with supranational democracy, on the other. They also show that the most Europeanized organizations need not be the most interested in EU democracy, whereas organizations with a comparatively low degree of Europeanization can still be interested in EU democracy.     

Banking supervision and the politics of verification: the 2014 stress test in the European Banking Union

The statistical methodology known in financial terminology as ‘stress testing’ was used by the European Central Bank in 2014 in order to assess the solidity of the banks in the eurozone. This audit process is analysed here as a problem of truth production or ‘veridiction’ in the sense developed by Michel Foucault in his 1978–1979 lectures at the Collège de France. In order to prove effective, the stress test had to deliver knowledge on banks, objectified and actionable at once, but also controlled by the idea of avoiding ‘market panic’. This epistemological dilemma is at the core of the politics of verification, which consists in the distribution of restraint and responsibility between non-risky and risky banks. This qualitative investigation is focused on France and is based on interviews with relevant policy actors and documentary analysis.     

我国工会制度的困境与出路——关于工会法实施情况的调查报告

随着社会主义市场经济的快速发展,各种社会关系也在发生深刻变化,突出表现在劳动关系的日益复杂和紧张.作为调整劳动关系,尤其是调整集体劳动关系的工会制度,已不能完全适应时代的发展.针对其存在的问题,找出完善的办法,是建立和谐劳动关系的必由之路.     

欧盟法的基本自由与劳工权利保护

欧盟法规定的基本自由包括共同市场内的商品流通自由、劳动力迁徙自由、服务业流通自由和资本流动自由四个部分,可以直接适用于欧盟国家的公民。这种规定为欧盟范围内劳工权的保护提供了全面、深入的法律保障,并赋予国际人权保护新的思想内涵。同时,对劳工权的保护促进了基本自由的完善。欧盟法基本自由对中国劳工权利保护也有一定的借鉴意义。     

苏联剧变是信仰危机还是体制危机——兼与杨金华商榷

苏联剧变是20世纪影响世界的大事,其根本原因在于苏共的社会主义实践出了问题。经过70多年的探索,苏共并没有找到适合苏联特点的社会主义建设之路,因此,戈尔巴乔夫的改革发展成改向,在抛弃斯大林模式的同时,也放弃了社会主义道路。这一教训值得共产党人深刻总结,但把苏联剧变的主要原因归为信仰虚无主义危机,是本末倒置。苏联剧变不是信仰虚无主义的问题,是放弃对苏联模式的社会主义的信仰,转而信仰其他选择的问题。发生这一切的根本原因不在于公开性、民主化,而在于原有的信仰空洞无物,未给民众带来实惠。