对《公务员法》“违法命令不执行”条款的思考

《中华人民共和国公务员法》“违法命令不执行”条款规定的“违法命令”应该既包括具体行政命令,也包括抽象行政命令。但是该条款表述模糊,有可能导致执行中的混乱,可借鉴有关国家的规定予以改进。对于抽象违法命令不执行的情况在实践中可能存在潜在的困境,可以在适当的时候考虑扩大“违法命令”的范围,把规章纳入其中,从而赋予行政机关对于规章规范直接的选择适用权。     

Divorcing Responsibly

In this article I argue that Part II of the Family LawAct 1996 gives expression to a new form ofresponsibility. I begin by suggesting thatresponsible behaviour has shifted from prohibiting orrequiring particular actions: we now exhibitresponsibility by our attitude towards our actions. I then examine where this new conception ofresponsibility has come from. Through an examinationof the work of post-liberal theorists, principallyMichael Sandel, I argue that a changing view ofpersonhood within post-liberal theory has led to aquestioning of the possibility of choice, and that theabsence of choice necessitates a shift in thedefinition of responsible behaviour. If we are createdby our decisions then we cannot be held to account forour decisions, but only for the care we have takenover them. Responsibility is therefore measured notby our level of self-control but by our level ofself-awareness. Finally I examine the consequences ofthis shift in the meaning of responsibility. Withinthis framework autonomy is illusory thereforedecisions do not need to be respected. This explainswhy the implementation of Part II of the Family LawAct 1996 has been called into question. Within thisframework responsibility is relative therefore itextends indefinitely. This enables the Family Law Actto be uniquely intrusive and judgmental: everydivorcing couple, on being held up to scrutiny, isfound lacking.     

中国近代民事诉讼法探源

从知识传统的角度来看 ,我国民事诉讼法基本的概念、术语、原则、制度与理论框架主要渊源于西方的法典类型。它在我国新型法律体系以及在大学学科课程中的地位 ,是在本世纪最初十余年间以挽回法权为主旨的立宪修律活动的直接推动下 ,通过日本法律顾问的讲授和留日法科学生的译释等途径 ,迅速确立起来的 ,并由此为中国民事诉讼法近代传统的形成奠定了基础。     

行政诉讼确认无效判决三题

《若干解释》第 57条第 2款确立的行政诉讼确认无效判决制度在以下方面值得讨论 :第一 ,确认对象。确认无效判决须以业已成立的行政行为为对象 ,确认行政行为依法不成立在一定程度上是自相矛盾的 ;第二 ,与判决撤销的关系。一般应当作模糊处理 ,只有当原告要求宣告无效或者在常规诉讼时限之外起诉时 ,法院才有必要严格区分“无效”与“可撤销” ;第三 ,举证责任。“无效”的举证责任 ,应当由原告承担。     

Finger in the Dyke or the Floodgates Stemmed? Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002

This article considers Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 in the context of post-War developments in labour relations culminating in the National Industrial Relations Court. It considers the development of Employment Tribunal which rather than being the last resort intended by the legislators, has become the first resort of complainants, often for trivial matters by employees; or by employers taking an extremely broad view of Gross Misconduct by employees. Due to the volume of cases and the shortage of Chairs, cases are constantly delayed and postponed. The article posits that these are the principle reason behind the framing of Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 which introduced a new Section 9(1)(a) into the Employment Tribunals Act 1995. This has given the Chair of an Employment Tribunal the authority to strike out a weak case at a Pre-Hearing Review that will strike the case out once and for all at this juncture. The aim is to encourage employers to have proper procedures and for employees to follow them. This article suggests that in fact the reforms will have the opposite effect; that they have introduced another layer of legal complexity which will further increase the number of cases brought before the Employment Tribunal.     

松散式、汇编式的民法典不适合中国国情

民法典草案是原封不动地将现行法编入 ,是彻底的松散式和汇编式的 ,与人民所期望的民法典差距甚大。中国应当制定一部具有逻辑性和体系性的民法典 ,1 0 0年前 ,前人已经替我们作出了选择 ,在历经百年所形成的法律传统面前 ,任何立法者和学者都是渺小的。取消“债权”概念和“债权总则编”的理由站不住脚。人格权不应单独设编 ,基本理由在于人格权的特殊本质。     

浅析日本民事调停法

非诉讼民事纠纷解决制度是解决民事纠纷的有效手段.日本民事调停法具有自己独特的立法背景及鲜明的法律特点,不仅体系完整,而且可操作性强.日本民族的变通兼容与战事不断的历史背景奠定了日本现行民事调停法在纠纷解决机制中的较高地位,它不仅保护了消费者权益,而且满足了双方当事人的愿望.日本民事调停法在调停技法上,借鉴了美国的先进经验,逐渐从有评价力的向有助成力的和有变容力的方向发展.     

试述我国民事诉讼证据交换制度的完善

最高人民法院出台的《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》确立了我国民事诉讼中的证据交换制度,在司法实践中起到了很大的作用,有助于法院公正、高效地审理民事案件。然而由于该规定过于笼统,实践中有许多问题值得探讨。本文从证据交换的定义和发端入手,分别对我国证据交换存在的问题及解决方法作了论述,以期为立法及实践提供参考。     

公安院校在校内进行民事诉讼技能训练的几点思考——以民事诉讼的一审阶段诉讼技能培训为例

在公安院校进行民事诉讼技能训练的各种方式中，采用实际案例进行训练更适应公安院校当前的教育实践环境。在校内进行民事诉讼的一审阶段诉讼训练的内容包括证据准备的训练、法庭质证阶段的训练、焦点问题总结的训练、辩论阶段的技能和最后陈述的技能等。