海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑

晚近国际法院的实践催生了海岛主权争端中适用有效控制规则的日渐成熟和完善,然而,海岛主权争端的复杂性,导致了适用有效控制规则中所考量的各种因素或者证据的权重和分量的不同。在理解国际法的财产权逻辑日渐成熟和被接受的情境下,理解海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑,即从国际法体系中的"国内法"因素、国际法体系中作为"事实"的国内法以及国际法院的司法中证据规则三个角度来诠释适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑进路,将为理性理解有效控制规则提供另一种绵长的动力。主要海洋国家的海岛立法表达模式表明,有效控制规制的适用不仅受到不同海岛立法的表达模式的影响和制约,而且理解适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑的务实措施是强化国内立法,且必须明确国内法表达的类型、特点与机制。中国同周边国家的海岛主权争端为深入和系统地审视有效控制规则提供了实践经验和依据,更为海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则提供了理论修订机会。就中国而言,在理解海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法表达上,一方面要展开海岛立法的顶层设计,另一方面要有选择地强化特定海岛的专门立法。     

国家权威碎裂化:成因、影响及对策分析

近年来 ,国际上有些学者提出了对中国国家权威结构的新的分析范式 ,其核心论点是 ,随着改革的深入 ,中国的国家权威正经历着一场碎裂化的过程。国家权威碎裂化在现实的政治行政过程中有种种表现 ,较集中地表现为公共政策的“非公共化” ,行政过程中执法者个人对自我利益的追逐 ,行政自由裁量权的滥用 ,以及非正式规则的盛行等方面。克服国家权威碎裂化是一个必须面对的严峻课题 ,制度整合、政策整合、权力整合 ,职能整合 ,以及利益整合对于有效防止国家权威的碎裂化极为关键。     

论经营型夫妻共同债务的认定与清偿

通过对95件类案的分析可以发现,《民法典》第1064条规定的“共同生产经营”型夫妻共同债务的认定标准与清偿规则并不清晰,尚待明确。经营型夫妻共同债务的认定应以共同参与为标准。共同参与的表现形式包括共同投资、一方投资一方参与经营等。基于简化法律关系与提升清偿效率的考量,经营型共债的清偿规则,应先以夫妻共同财产清偿,不足部分由举债方的个人财产承担,非举债方以个人财产代为清偿的,可在法定财产制结束时向举债方追偿。     

Beyond Hollowing Out: Straitjacketing the State

For two decades, the metaphor of ‘hollowing out’ dominated discussions about the changing role of the state in delivering public services. Today, this metaphor no longer captures important contemporary developments. European Union policy has expanded deeper and deeper into public service sectors, increasingly constraining government's capacities to deliver these services. I suggest a new metaphor to capture this: straitjacketing the state. People are straitjacketed when they are perceived to be at risk of damaging themselves through self‐harm. Straitjacketing the state occurs when a state signs up to a new set of supranational rules which purportedly will help avoid it damaging itself, by restricting room for localised inefficient practices. However, due to the strength of the straitjacket, governments become significantly restricted in choosing policies for domestic implementation according to their preferences.     

A Comparative Analysis of SME Friendly Public Procurement: Results from Canada,Hungary and Italy

This paper studies SMEs’ participation in public procurement in light of perceived barriers and expected benefits of accessing the public marketplace. It presents a comparative analysis of SMEs’ participation in three countries that share similar approaches to SME-friendly public procurement. A common survey protocol was developed to be administered to SMEs in the three countries. Data collected were then analysed using regression methods. Findings suggest that some issues that are typically considered critical barriers, namely administrative requirements and award based on lowest price do not hinder participation. However, findings also suggest that firms’ characteristics associated with size are still relevant hindrances, and that SMEs’ involvement are affected by a shortage of tangible (human and financial) and intangible resources (experience). These findings provide guidance to fine-tune public procurement policies directed to SMEs.     

Parliamentary deadlock and the removal of the prime minister: Incumbency and termination theory in Trinidad and Tobago

In December 2001, the result of the general election in Trinidad and Tobago was an 18–18 tie for the 36 seats in the House of Representatives. The party led by the then incumbent prime minister, Basdeo Panday (the United National Congress – UNC) and the party led by the then leader of the opposition, Patrick Manning (the People's National Movement – PNM) found themselves in a situation in which the President of the Republic, Arthur N.R. Robinson, had to decide on which one of them to appoint as prime minister. The incumbency theory has been an established principle in most parliamentary democracies in the Commonwealth in situations where there is a ‘hung’ parliament insofar as offering the incumbent prime minister the opportunity to form a government is concerned. The decision of President Robinson to revoke the appointment of Prime Minister Panday and to appoint the leader of the opposition, Patrick Manning, as prime minister opened a new debate about the powers of the Head of State to terminate the appointment of an incumbent prime minister in spite of the fact that both aspirants for the office commanded the support of an equal number of elected MPs.     

法院内部控制刑事裁判权的方法与反思

我国法院内部对刑事裁判权的控制有着独特的方法与逻辑。在方法上,有严格的流程监控和细密的考核指标,即过程控制与结果控制。这种控制刑事裁判的方法体现了独特的制度逻辑,而制度实践者则基于不同的动因或主动或被动地选择了该方法。法院内部控权模式有利有弊,总体来说,过程控制在一定程度上消解了结果控制的效果,结果控制则又在一定程度上加强了过程控制,如此循环导致对刑事裁判权的控制不但成效不大,且产生了一定的副作用。法院内部控权模式存在双重悖论,未来对刑事裁判权的控制应遵循基本的司法规律。     

An analysis of traditional rules applied by Australian courts to establish personal jurisdiction and their application in e-commerce

This article analyses the jurisdictional principles employed by Australian courts in establishing personal jurisdiction in traditional settings and its extension to e-commerce cases. The Australian courts apply the court rules to exercise personal jurisdiction over defendants. The article discusses these rules relating to serving process within and outside Australia and jurisdiction based on the submission of the parties. The adequacies of principles like forum-non-conveniens, forum selection clauses which are vital in the personal jurisdiction inquiry are analysed. The unique High Court decision in Dow Jones v. Gutnick is discussed and the approach followed by the court critically analysed to highlight the excessive exercise of personal jurisdiction. Other cases concerning the internet are also discussed to highlight the approaches followed to establish personal jurisdiction in internet and e-commerce cases. It is argued that the drawbacks highlight the need for legislation to regulate personal jurisdiction in e-commerce cases.     

法律解释规则及其运用研究(中)——法律解释规则及其分类

对多种法律解释规则进行分类研究是法律解释的重要任务.目前法学界关于形式法治与实质法治的区分,可以作为区隔法律解释规则的依据.与形式法治相适应,有合法性解释规则、文义解释规则和体系解释规则;与实质法治相适应,有合理性解释规则、目的解释规则等.法律解释规则是在思维领域中捍卫法治,因而要求法律人在解释法律的时候,首先要使用与形式法治相适应的解释规则,只有经过严格的论证才使用与实质法治相适应的除弊规则.     

法律多元主义及其中国语境：规范多元化

法律多元主义的产生与发展,对各国法治发展的影响不容忽视.当代中国自上而下推行法治,法律规范创制体系以国家制定法为中心,但现代社会中民间法的超强生命力、道德的法律化、法律原则的普遍适用等现象冲击了制定法的中心地位,法律规范的创制体系也由此趋于多元.这种多元主义法律观对当代中国的法治运行具有现实意义.