可以借鉴的旧金山交通管理规则

介绍了几项可以借鉴的旧金山交通管理规则 ,包括“停”标志 ,合伙乘车 ,行人安全保护 ,校童专用车 ,“回头看”动作 ,城市法院处理交通违章 ,交通学校和汽车保险费与违章挂钩     

The Italian Post War Fiscal Constitution: Reasons of a Failure

If the Italian Constitution shall be changed, to transform Italy in a semi-Presidential Republic-as in the project of constitutional revision recently approved by the Parliamentary Committee for Constitutional Reforms-the President of the Republic, elected by the people, shall become the natural guardian of the fiscal constitution, under direct control of the public opinion (17). He should, then, be staffed with an office, to check the conformity of laws to the fiscal constitutional rules and claims might be addressed by a qualified number of Parliamentarians, in addition to the Court of Accounts, to him. The chain connecting the President of the Republic to the Parliament, in this new constitutional model, will be broken. And hardly the President could stand still, in case of open violation of the rules of the fiscal constitution by the Government on the Parliament, because of the risk of loss of reputation. If he were to overlook negative checks by the Court of Accounts, his behaviour would greatly damage his credibility among the electors. Thus, it seems that the difference in the model of State, whether is a parliamentary system or a system where the President of the Republic is elected by the people, has much to do with the workability of a fiscal constitution aiming to monetary and fiscal soundness.     

论刑事诉讼非法证据排除规则

非法证据是指违反了法律准则,在使用价值上有疑问的证据资料。现代国家原则上都禁止非法取证。非法取得的证据是否具有法律效力,在程序法上是否采信,体现着国家在惩罚犯罪与保障人权两种价值上的取向。我国应确立相对的非法证据排除规则,对非法取得的言词证据、非法取得的鉴定结论予以排除;对非法搜查、扣押获得的实物证据有选择地予以排除。     

析商事通则与民法一般规则的关系——商事通则立法的可行性悖议

目前制订商事通则的呼声颇高,但从商法与民法的关系、我国的立法传统和立法技术等方面看,制订商事通则的可行性、必要性值得检讨;否定商事通则的立法主张绝不意味着商法不重要,其重要性与独立性无必然联系.坚持民商合一,商事规范以单行法的形式存在是我国商事立法的最佳模式选择.     

Creating Stable Agreements in Marine Policy: Learning from the California South Coast Marine Life Protection Act Initiative

In this article, we examine the California South Coast Marine Life Protection Act Initiative stakeholder process, evaluate its shortcomings, and consider what could have been done differently. Our objective is to make recommendations to improve future multi‐stakeholder marine policy processes. In our view, while the South Coast stakeholder process had many positive outcomes, it failed to reach what we call here a “stable agreement.” Our analysis is based on two of the authors’ involvement (one as a facilitator and the other as a stakeholder representative) in the process and a post‐hoc survey of participants. We find that several ill‐advised process design and management choices significantly destabilized the negotiations, leading to an ultimately unstable agreement. We highlight four major problematic process design and management decisions, including the following: representation on the multi‐stakeholder group was imbalanced, the pre‐meeting caucuses were not paired with training in interest‐based negotiation, adequate incentives to negotiate toward a consensus agreement were not provided, and the use of straw voting at one point in the process was unclear and inconsistent. As a result of these and other process design and management flaws, many stakeholders believed that the process was biased and that their ends would be better achieved by anchoring negotiations and engaging in positional bargaining. Ultimately, this meant that near‐consensus on a single cross‐interest marine protected area proposal was not reached, the scientific guidelines put forth were not fully met, the process was not and is not viewed as fair by the stakeholders directly or indirectly involved, and the marine protected area regulations lack broad‐scale support. These pitfalls of the South Coast stakeholder process could have been avoided had the management and facilitation team consistently followed best practices in dispute resolution. We recommend that future marine planning processes learn from this example, particularly those occurring in highly complex, urban ocean environments.     

论民事诉讼中当事人陈述

民事诉讼的证据制度,作为当事人双方和法院追求正义的基础,具有重要作用。而当事人的陈述,在新民事诉讼法修改后位列证据制度的第一位,证明其有着不可忽视的价值。本文从当事人陈述这项证据位置的变化入手,通过比较大陆法系、英美法系、苏俄民事诉讼的立法,证实了当事人陈述是具有查明案件真相、防止诉讼拖延、追求"法律真实"等重要意义。     

THE FORM OF REFORM: REVISITING THE CHOICE AMONG A CREED,A CODE,AND A CATALOGUE

In the past, international Evidence law reformers have focused primarily on substantive evidentiary doctrines. However, for reforms to be effective, the courts and legislatures must state the revised doctrines in a form that promotes the overall objectives of the legal system. The basic choice facing reformers is among a creed identifying broad goals, a code stating flexible principles, and a catalogue prescribing detailed rules. In the past, especially in the United States, there was a consensus among Evidence scholars that the code format is preferable. However, if a key objective of a national legal system is to encourage pretrial disposition of cases, the courts and legislatures should give serious thought to utilizing a catalogue format. That format is especially attractive in the doctrinal areas such as privilege in which evidentiary rules are intended to affect primary behavior outside the courtroom.     

再论“城市的土地属于国家所有”

我国《宪法》关于"城市的土地属于国家所有"是一条原则规范而不是规则规范,对该条款应作政策性原则解释。该规定实际上是对中华人民共和国成立以后城市土地国有化历史事实与现实的确认,城市土地国有化在中国具有其历史的必然与正当性。同时,应在时空效力上明确其规范意义,以划清国家所有土地与集体所有土地的界限,避免在城市化进程中将集体所有土地随意变为国家所有而侵害农民的土地权益。     

国际民商事交往中不当得利之债法律适用问题研究

由于世界各国关于不当得利的法律制度不尽相同,国际民商事交往中不当得利的法律冲突问题日益突出。为保证支配不当得利之债的准据法与当事人的意愿相一致或有最密切的联系,并最大限度地减小因识别或定性不同而带来的难题,不当得利准据法应依序设计为：不当得利起因于合同时,适用该合同的准据法;起因于其他法律关系时,适用调整该法律关系的法律;起因于不动产交易时,适用不动产所在地法;在其他情况下产生,则其准据法为利益发生地所在国的法律。     

文化产品、版权保护与贸易规则

Cultural products are commodities with cultural contents, which are neither equivalent to cultural relics nor ordinary articles. Such dual natures bring forth divergences in trade policy, mandating the generality and particularity of trade rules. The WTO rules lay more emphases on free trade while the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization put more stress on the free exchange and diversity of cultures. Nations enjoy cultural sovereignty over their cultural policies and administrative measures. The rules of intellectual property rights also influence trade in cultural products. To develop trade in cultural products, science and technologies shall be employed to create diversified and competitive products of distinct cultural values. Han Liyu, Ph.D, is an associate professor of law, and director of International Law Teaching and Research at Renmin University of China, Vice Secretary-General of WTO Section in China Law Society, and member of China’s International Economic Law Society. Mr. Han teaches and does research on international economic law and WTO law, publishing several monographs and articles on the US trade law and the WTO law. For many times, Mr. Han did research as visiting scholar in American universities and UNIDROIT. Mr. Han got a post-graduate diploma in Common Law from Hong Kong University.