健全我国口供采证规则的思考

口供,即犯罪嫌疑人的供述与辩解,是我国法定的证据形式。口供采证规则,是指在刑事诉讼中收集、保全和运用口供的法律准则。作为程序法的证据规则,较之于实体内容最明显的优点是它的可把握性。健全采信与排除口供的证据规则,并遵循规则办案,就能在最大程度上保证刑事诉讼程序正义与实体真实双重目的的实现。     

潜规则生发机制及其遏制——兼论吏治规范

潜规则是官场正式规则背后的另类规则，它像癌细胞一样寄生于正式规则又不断地侵蚀着正式规则。正式规则下的自由裁量权和官员的个人理性是潜规则生存的充分必要条件，基于个人理性的自组织(self—organizing)机制则是潜规则得以扩张的根本原因。潜规则遏制的核心问题是如何提高控制的有效性，在当前的转型期社会，吏治规范的主要思路是强化人民代表大会的监督职能，建立相对独立的监督行政体系。     

试论刑事程序规则——从逻辑构成的角度

考虑解决刑事诉讼司法实践中出现的一些问题时,人们喜欢从整体上思考构成刑事诉讼程序各个阶段的内容以及它们之间的关系,一般忽视了从较为微观的角度进行研究.而仅从逻辑构成来看,我国刑事程序规则就存在着较大的缺陷.从法理和现实依据来看,刑事程序规则应由两部分组成即实体性规定和实施性规定.而我国刑事程序规则严重缺乏实施性规定.     

现行《婚姻法》有关夫妻财产制度之审视及其完善

刚修订的《婚姻法》对夫妻财产制度作了新的规定,较原来规定有了很大的改善,但有关夫妻财产管理、处理方面的规定仍显得较为粗疏,存在一些不足:如共同财产规定得很不周延;夫妻财产契约的签订必须遵守诚信原则,不得有违社会之公序良俗,婚姻法对此有所疏漏;夫妻财产制度的约定缺乏公示程序的规定,令该约定缺乏公信力;夫妻财产制度缺乏协议变更程序等。应在此基础上做出相应的立法修改。     

可以借鉴的旧金山交通管理规则

介绍了几项可以借鉴的旧金山交通管理规则 ,包括“停”标志 ,合伙乘车 ,行人安全保护 ,校童专用车 ,“回头看”动作 ,城市法院处理交通违章 ,交通学校和汽车保险费与违章挂钩     

The Italian Post War Fiscal Constitution: Reasons of a Failure

If the Italian Constitution shall be changed, to transform Italy in a semi-Presidential Republic-as in the project of constitutional revision recently approved by the Parliamentary Committee for Constitutional Reforms-the President of the Republic, elected by the people, shall become the natural guardian of the fiscal constitution, under direct control of the public opinion (17). He should, then, be staffed with an office, to check the conformity of laws to the fiscal constitutional rules and claims might be addressed by a qualified number of Parliamentarians, in addition to the Court of Accounts, to him. The chain connecting the President of the Republic to the Parliament, in this new constitutional model, will be broken. And hardly the President could stand still, in case of open violation of the rules of the fiscal constitution by the Government on the Parliament, because of the risk of loss of reputation. If he were to overlook negative checks by the Court of Accounts, his behaviour would greatly damage his credibility among the electors. Thus, it seems that the difference in the model of State, whether is a parliamentary system or a system where the President of the Republic is elected by the people, has much to do with the workability of a fiscal constitution aiming to monetary and fiscal soundness.     

论刑事诉讼非法证据排除规则

非法证据是指违反了法律准则,在使用价值上有疑问的证据资料。现代国家原则上都禁止非法取证。非法取得的证据是否具有法律效力,在程序法上是否采信,体现着国家在惩罚犯罪与保障人权两种价值上的取向。我国应确立相对的非法证据排除规则,对非法取得的言词证据、非法取得的鉴定结论予以排除;对非法搜查、扣押获得的实物证据有选择地予以排除。     

析商事通则与民法一般规则的关系——商事通则立法的可行性悖议

目前制订商事通则的呼声颇高,但从商法与民法的关系、我国的立法传统和立法技术等方面看,制订商事通则的可行性、必要性值得检讨;否定商事通则的立法主张绝不意味着商法不重要,其重要性与独立性无必然联系.坚持民商合一,商事规范以单行法的形式存在是我国商事立法的最佳模式选择.     

Creating Stable Agreements in Marine Policy: Learning from the California South Coast Marine Life Protection Act Initiative

In this article, we examine the California South Coast Marine Life Protection Act Initiative stakeholder process, evaluate its shortcomings, and consider what could have been done differently. Our objective is to make recommendations to improve future multi‐stakeholder marine policy processes. In our view, while the South Coast stakeholder process had many positive outcomes, it failed to reach what we call here a “stable agreement.” Our analysis is based on two of the authors’ involvement (one as a facilitator and the other as a stakeholder representative) in the process and a post‐hoc survey of participants. We find that several ill‐advised process design and management choices significantly destabilized the negotiations, leading to an ultimately unstable agreement. We highlight four major problematic process design and management decisions, including the following: representation on the multi‐stakeholder group was imbalanced, the pre‐meeting caucuses were not paired with training in interest‐based negotiation, adequate incentives to negotiate toward a consensus agreement were not provided, and the use of straw voting at one point in the process was unclear and inconsistent. As a result of these and other process design and management flaws, many stakeholders believed that the process was biased and that their ends would be better achieved by anchoring negotiations and engaging in positional bargaining. Ultimately, this meant that near‐consensus on a single cross‐interest marine protected area proposal was not reached, the scientific guidelines put forth were not fully met, the process was not and is not viewed as fair by the stakeholders directly or indirectly involved, and the marine protected area regulations lack broad‐scale support. These pitfalls of the South Coast stakeholder process could have been avoided had the management and facilitation team consistently followed best practices in dispute resolution. We recommend that future marine planning processes learn from this example, particularly those occurring in highly complex, urban ocean environments.     

论民事诉讼中当事人陈述

民事诉讼的证据制度,作为当事人双方和法院追求正义的基础,具有重要作用。而当事人的陈述,在新民事诉讼法修改后位列证据制度的第一位,证明其有着不可忽视的价值。本文从当事人陈述这项证据位置的变化入手,通过比较大陆法系、英美法系、苏俄民事诉讼的立法,证实了当事人陈述是具有查明案件真相、防止诉讼拖延、追求"法律真实"等重要意义。