论医患冲突中的权利限制

医患冲突的频繁发生有多种原因,但医患权利内容的混乱、错位以及模糊不清所导致医患权利配置的不平衡、不协调是很大的因素,使得医患双方在权利行使过程中无所适从,从而导致冲突的一再发生。有效地规范医患双方权利,特别是对权利的有效限制,是解决医患冲突的重要手段。     

胚胎的法律属性及其处置规则刍议简

随着人工辅助生育技术的日益普及,实践中出现了一些涉及胚胎的法律问题,问题的解决需要首先厘清胚胎的法律属性,再确定胚胎的处置规则。本文在分析相应法律规范、制度、案例的基础上,结合比较法和实践研究,对以上问题进行初步探讨,提出了胚胎的法律定位应界定为＂中介＂,在处置规则上应考虑生育行为的社会属性、未成年人利益及利益均衡,以不允许单方处置为原则。     

The enduring influence of electoral systems: investigating Green parties’ attention to local issues in parliament

Scholars argue that members of parliament (MPs) in first-past-the-post (FPTP) systems have stronger incentives to cater to their electoral district than those in proportional representation (PR) types. Yet, few studies have explored whether MPs in PR systems or MPs from small parties engage local issues in general. I build new theory and explore its support through a case study that compares Green party behaviour in an FPTP system (the UK) to a PR system (New Zealand). Results show that MPs focus on local issues in both systems, but the distribution of attention varies in ways consistent with differing electoral incentives.     

拨开法律解释学的迷雾——对法律解释质疑的回应

众所周知,成文法具有开放性,时滞性,以及存在着不可避免的嗣滑。解决这一缺陷的方式就是运用法律解释．这也正是法律解释学得以快速发展的原因．但就在这门学科与实践的结合逐渐呈密集翌之际．不少学者也对该门学科提出了种种的质疑．如反对解释问题、“辈分”问题、元规则问题、客观性问题等。文章对这几种典型的质疑给予了回应．以此希望能拨开法律解释学的迷雾、能对法律解释学更好地被认识与发展提供些许帮助。     

IAS/IFRS and insurance： A gradual shifting from insurance to finance

Financial year 2005 marks the gradual introduction of the international accounting standard （IAS） as part of a broad project promoted by the EU to achieve consistency and comparability and, consequently, greater transparency in corporate accounts, with benefits for the users and institutions who make use of, or exercise control over them. The present paper will not address all the related complex profiles （e.g., actuarial methodologies, financial evaluation models, cash-flows scenarios generation techniques）. Actual aim is to bring evidence for the gradual shifting of perspective promoted by the financial community as far as the insurance companies are concerned： Once considered as unknown ＂black-boxes＂ because of their peculiarities, western countries＇ most authoritative agencies and largest private investors felt for a long time uneasy to manage insurance companies＇ disclosures. More recently, since the industry has been absorbed in the world-wide trend toward global conglomerate encompassing banking, finance and insurance, western regulators have undertaken a sound effort to move insurance disclosures from a technical to a financial view, boosting a dramatic homologation to other financial institutions （Cesarini ＆ Varaldo, 1992; Forestieri ＆ Moro, 1993; Locatelli, et al., 1999）. The trade-off, the authors intend to show, is now between more transparent outlook and an insider＇s knowledge of an industry whose peculiarities are inescapable.     

以审判为中心与国家监察体制改革

从以审判为中心的视角审视国家监察体制改革,具有独特的意义和价值。监察机关调查活动中的刑事调查部分,与刑事诉讼程序具有密切联系,为以审判为中心的视角分析国家监察体制改革提供了正当性基础。从以审判为中心在证据规则方面的要求考察监察机关调查活动中司法审判证据规则的适用范围、调查活动的法律规制存在问题;以以审判为中心对诉讼职能的影响为工具,可以发现国家监察体制改革面临司法审查原则的贯彻、职务犯罪侦查权的配置、监察证据在刑事诉讼中的使用、辩护律师的参与等多方面的挑战;诉讼主体的权力配置,则体现出国家监察体制改革带来的深层次问题。国家监察制度的未来完善之路,将面临一系列挑战和课题。     

我国刑事被告人品格证据规则之探索

近年来,我国在刑事司法领域开展一系列制度性改革,其中"和谐司法"、"认罪认罚从宽"、"恢复性司法"等缓和性司法理念与制度正在全面铺开。某些缓和性刑事政策需要被追诉方的品格加以佐证支撑,以对其人身危险性进行度量。因此了解和审查被追诉方品格因素就显得很关键。品格证据可以对被告人刑事责任承担产生较大影响。故研究品格证据,可在理论上界定品格证据含义特征,探究域外规则发展路径,归纳我国建立该规则的可行建议,完善我国证据规则体系。     

Introducing the Open Clause to improve copyright flexibility in cyberspace? Analysis and commentary on the proposed “two-step test” in the Third Amendment to the Copyright Law of the PRC,in comparison with the EU and the US

The so called “three-step test”, that the limitations and exceptions of copyright shall be allowed in certain special cases, provided that they do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author, grants copyright flexibilities to balance the interests of all stakeholders, especially within the European system of circumscribed limitations and exceptions. This is essential for the domain of computer law, confronted by rapid and unpredictable global technological developments, and is, thus, enshrined in the most important international intellectual property (IP) treaties. Through the proposed third amendment to the Copyright Law of the PRC, the legislature intends to adopt this test while also introducing an open-ended list of limitations and exceptions that constitutes a China-specific “two-step test.” This contravenes prima facie the thesis endorsed by the WTO Panel in the case concerning Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act in 2000. In contrast, court decisions in China frequently apply the fair use doctrine of US copyright law, neglecting to consider its peculiar context of the US common law tradition and, thus, unduly expanding the Chinese courts' discretionary power.This paper summarizes the case law in China and takes a comparative approach to address the divergence between the judicial application of cyber copyright law and the existing legislation. It suggests revising the proposed Article 43 of the Copyright Law of the PRC to capture the due interpretation of the three-step test, thereby finessing the delineation between rights protection and free use with the compensation of remuneration under the principle of proportionality. It argues that transplanting the US fair use doctrine into Chinese copyright law is feasible, but with the preconditions of endeavouring to strengthen judicial reform to integrate the IP adjudication systems, enhancing the coherence and efficiency of copyright enforcement, and facilitating consistent dialogues between scholars, practitioners, and lawmakers.     

试论程序辩护

程序辩护是刑事诉讼民主、文明的体现,在我国,无论诉讼理论还是司法实践对程序辩护的关注明显不足。因此有必要对程序辩护的涵义、内容、价值作深入分析,进而提出完善程序辩护的对策建议。     

论技术规则对行政法规范的渗入

技术规则在行政法规范中占有的比重越来越大,如何处理行政法规范与现代技术规范的关系成为行政立法中必须高度关注的问题。基于此考虑,从技术规则的概念界定、技术规则渗入到行政法规范的必要性、技术规则与行政法规范的立法技术等方面作了探讨。认为技术规则的统计、技术规则的渗入方式、技术规则渗入后行政法关系的性状、技术规则渗入后的法律效力问题是立法时必须把握的。