Performing statehood: Afghanistan as an arena for Central Asian states

Afghanistan is often mentioned as a threat to the Central Asian states. Potential spillovers of violence, extremism, terrorism and dangers related to the drug trade are seen as significant security issues for the region. This article takes a different approach. Taking a performative view of statehood, we see state identities as socially constituted, partly by involvement in regional and global processes. From research on border management, the Northern Distribution Network, and various forms of bilateral cooperation between Afghanistan and the Central Asian states, we argue that Afghanistan has become an arena where the Central Asian states can participate. How the Central Asian states bordering on Afghanistan are treated as relevant participants, regardless of actual state capacity or the effectiveness of their policies, serves to constitute and confirm their sovereignty and relevance to the international community, and ultimately their statehood. By emphasizing the important state effects of their performance, our perspective differs from accounts of Central Asian states as either ‘weak’ or ‘strong’, and the tendency to depict Central Asian engagement in regional initiatives as mere window-dressing.     

关于《钦定回疆则例》研究的几个问题

目前关于《回疆则例》的研究还存在一些问题,比较突出的有:在法规的名称方面,有《回律》以及《回例》等不确切的称呼,它们使《回疆则例》的性质、适用范围及对象产生了一种不确定性;在法规的性质方面,有学者将其当作刑事法规,也有学者认为《回疆则例》是回疆少数民族之间民事案件的司法审判依据,在法规性质的认定上仍然是值得商榷的;在法规内容的理解方面,就个别条款而言,缺乏对条款历史背景的考察与探究。这些问题的存在一定程度地影响了《回疆则例》研究的深入。     

坚持马克思主义坚持社会主义--越南、朝鲜、古巴、老挝社会主义的探索与发展

文章对越南、朝鲜、古巴和老挝社会主义革命和建设,特别是冷战结束后,各国社会主义成功经验进行了论述,指出,只要顺应时代的发展,并结合本国实际,坚持社会主义,坚持党的领导,坚持改革开放,社会主义就能焕发无限生机.     

论八二宪法中的央地关系

八二宪法第3条第4款实际上并未规定中央与地方关系的具体规范模式,而更多体现为一种探索性的政治理念。中国独特的人民主权运作结构使得宪制意义上的央地关系与经典的命令—服从式单一制特征相区别。在具体制度框架中存在着集权与分权的张力,其着眼点在于如何更好地进行现代化建设这一国家理性。制度设计者对央地关系思考并不成熟,国家结构形式有待实践探索。     

对矿产资源犯罪刑事立法完善的思考

矿产资源犯罪屡禁不止,危害严重,应加大刑法打击力度,完善现有刑罚。放宽非法采矿罪和破坏性采矿罪的入罪条件,简化矿产资源破坏价值认定程序,加重刑罚,增设资格刑的适用。     

“国家犯罪及其刑事责任”理论争鸣与发展研究

在国际立法和司法实践中,有关"国家犯罪及其刑事责任"的理论争论旷日持久,但终因各方观点不一而予以回避。学者对该问题的理论研究主要集中于,国家主权与国家的对世义务、国家犯罪和刑事责任的合法性、集体犯罪和集体惩罚的合法性、实现国家犯罪刑事责任的可行性、国家作为抽象实体有无犯罪意图、国家责任的性质六个方面,分为支持与反对两种观点,彼此针锋相对。基于国际政治现实与国际法治追求的考虑,为了有效遏制最严重的国际犯罪,在国际司法实践和学术研究中出现以"政府犯罪"代替"国家犯罪"的新思路。     

Lawyers,CABx and the Community Legal Service: A new dawn for social welfare law provision?

This article explores the prognosis for social welfare law provision in the light of the government's plans for the Community Legal Service. It considers whether the involvement of both the advice sector and the traditional legal profession can provide the basis for stable and comprehensive provision of social welfare law. I conducted in-depth interviews with CAB workers and local solicitors in the large conurbation served by two CABx who participated in the non-solicitor franchise pilot in 1997. The research focused on the relationships between the legal service providers and the impact of the franchise operation on the CAB. Although harmonious relationships were found to be largely intact at a local level, the franchise raised considerable tension within the CABx that must serve as a cautionary note to any optimism about 'establishing the Community Legal Service'.     

The Direction of the Reform of the State-owned Enterprise: Democratic Governance and Fair Salary

The reform of the state-owned enterprises cannot simply copy the governance model of European and American corporations, but should create a new-type labor relations using the unique advantage, which includes the building of democratic management system and fair salary system. As for the reasons: (1) based on the view of contractarianism, the enterprise itself belongs to all members, and there exists equal members relationship instead of employment relationship. As a result, enterprise should implement the common management system according to the contract rules; (2) the state-owned enterprise is not such a democratic organization which is governed completely by the internal, but should accept social regulations and supervision which is outside the enterprise, especially the need to establish a rational system of income distribution.     

国家航空器法律问题研究

《国际民用航空公约》将航空器分为国家航空器及民用航空器两大类 ,但对于国家航空器的法律特征及范围问题 ,国际航空法学界却一直存有争议。本文在对现有的国家航空器分类方法进行比较分析后 ,指出了区分民用航空器、国家航空器的不科学性 ,并进而提出了以“民用航空活动”、“国家航空活动”来取代国家航空器及民用航空器分类的构想。