生态理念的方法论意义

生态合理性是体现新的时代精神的方法论,它为人们科学地认识人类自身的价值、人类与世界、与自然的关系提供了新的思维方式和研究方式,在更加深广的视野中拓展了人类的认识能力。用生态学的理念解构现代文明社会的价值观念,按照社会生态的整体观念来构建新的经济、社会和人全面协调发展的模式,才能向着文明、均衡、协调和健康的方向发展。     

LOVING TO STRAIGHTEN OUT DEVELOPMENT: SEXUALITY AND ETHNODEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD BANK'S ECUADORIAN LENDING

Gender staff in the World Bank -- the world's largest and most influential development institution -- have a policy problem. Having prioritised efforts to get women into paid employment as the ȁ8cure-allȁ9 for gender inequality they must deal with the work that women already do -- the unpaid labour of caring, socialisation, and human needs fulfilment. This article explores the most prominent policy solution enacted by the Bank to this tension between paid and unpaid work: the restructuring of normative heterosexuality to encourage a two-partner model of love and labour wherein women work more and men care better. Through a case study of Bank gender lending in Ecuador I argue that staff are trying to (re)forge normative arrangements of intimacy, a policy preference that remains invisible unless sexuality is taken seriously as a category of analysis in development studies. Specifically, I focus on four themes that emerge from the attempt to restructure heteronormativity in the loan: (1) the definition of good gender analysis as requiring complementary sharing and dichotomous sex; (2) the Bank's attempt to inculcate limited rationality in women such that they operate as better workers while retaining altruistic attachments to loved ones; (3) the Bank's attempt to inculcate better loving in men, such that they pick up the slack of caring labour when their (partially) rational wives move into productive work, and; (4) the invocation of a racialised hierarchy resting on the extent to which communities approximate ideals of sharing monogamous partnership. Aside from providing clear evidence that the world's largest development institution is involved in micro-processes of sexuality adjustment alongside macro-processes of economic restructuring, I also critique the Bank's sexualised policy interventions and suggest that they warrant contestation.     

“和平共处”外交思想的演变与中国外交

由于历史与现实、主观和客观等方面的原因,"和平共处"外交思想的运用无论是在"一边倒"体制下、社会主义国家之间, 还是着力推进"世界革命"之时,都存在着很大的局限。只有在改革开放后,我们才真正超越意识形态的差异,"和平共处"外交思想才 有了全方位的运用。与此同时,伴随着"和平共处"思想的发展,中国外交也日臻成熟与完善。     

Trade, Harmonization, and Domestic Autonomy in Environmental Policy

This article evaluates the environmental criticisms of free trade that have been such an important part of the critique of globalization. The first section briefly surveys the range of criticisms environmentalists have brought against the new economic order. The second section examines the available literature on the race to the bottom, one of the key concerns. The third section analyzes the World Trade Organization trade rules and how they have been interpreted by dispute resolution panels involving environmental issues. The fourth section turns to the specific rules of the North American Free Trade Agreement and examines several case studies of environmental issues in that region. The final section provides a summary evaluation of the environmental criticisms. The article argues that the environmental criticisms are exaggerated. Trade agreements leave far more room for domestic environmental measures than is frequently argued. The political globalization of the environmental movement has helped counter the threat to environmental policy created by the economic and trade aspects of globalization. Environmentalists do need to be careful about how they advance this critique of globalization, however, because their arguments risk becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.     

当代西方发展理论论析

当代西方发展理论在其半个多世纪的演变中，大致经历了20世纪40年代的“发展经济学”、50年代兴起的“现代化理论”、70年代的“依附论”和“世界体系论”、80年代的“新发展观”、90年代的“明冲突论”等理论形态的更迭；此外，旨在对现代化所出现的问题进行“纠偏”、“颠覆”与“解构”的后现代主义思潮也以其鲜明的特征为发展理论带来新的景观。这些学说或理论具有鲜明的“问题学”特征，拓展了发展问题的界域，自觉不自觉地顺应了当代社会发展的实际进程，是这一发展进程在理论上曲折的反映；然而，它们在发展观上所达到的科学程度是有限的，其走入误区的症结就在于：研究视角的单一与框架的狭窄、研究方法的形而上学特征以及学院式研究成果缺乏转化为实践的能力等。     

WTO与中国实验动物福利保护制度体系的构建

WTO对中国实验动物福利保护法律制度的构建提出了新的要求。中国目前的实验动物福利保护制度虽然存在与WTO规则接轨的众多障碍性因素,但也存在与WTO规则接轨的基本条件。为了进一步促进我国实验动物贸易的自由化和国际化,应借鉴国外的成熟立法经验,构建与WTO规则接轨的符合中国国情的实验动物福利保护制度体系。     

妇女、民族与民族国家--第三世界女权主义与民族主义关系初探

殖民地、第三世界国家民族主义和女权主义在社会性别观念变化、妇女解放运动和民族解放运动高涨、民族国家建立和发展等方面都发挥了重要作用。但是由于民族主义在争取民族独立中的主导地位和女权主义的从属地位,决定了第三世界国家的妇女解放主要是由民族主义、民族国家和男性主导的,难以达到真正的男女平等和妇女解放。     

组织理论的权力观述论

依照对权力概念理解上的差异,可把代表性的组织理论分为四种类型,即硬权力的组织观、软权力的组织观、散布性权力的组织观以及反权力的组织观。梳理各观点,有助于了解“管理丛林”时代组织理论的多维性及其面临的某些问题,从而也有助于深化对组织事实的理解。     

The EU,Economic Partnership Agreements and Africa

Africa has been divided into four groups of states by the European Union in the negotiation of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) that will define the relationship between Africa and Europe in the future. The EPAs are unfair. They demand reciprocity between the EU countries collectively and each African country individually and they set conditions that will be demanded by any other country or groups of countries with which African countries seek trade arrangements. Further, separate EPAs among different groupings of African countries will undermine Africa’s wider integration efforts, leaving it in thrall to EU companies. In their present form the EPAs are not in Africa’s interest and will unnecessarily undermine the potential for Europe’s improved relationship with the continent.     

Global democracy in a society of peoples

This paper explores the political structures suitable for the realization of John Rawls’ The Law of Peoples (1999). In particular, it explores whether Rawls’ principles and fundamental foundations recommend establishing global institutions and, if so, whether, and in what sense, these institutions should be democratic. It is often suggested, either implicitly or explicitly, that The Law of Peoples would operate through the bilateral and multilateral interactions of, ideally conceived, nation-states. This paper argues, on the contrary, that it would advise a series of democratic global institutions. The case is developed with respect to the idea of a global institution with the remit of regulating international trade and applied, in the contemporary context, to the World Trade Organization (WTO).