家庭主要照顾者与我国老年人对社区服务需求的研究

通过分析2010年中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查的数据,本文探讨了家庭主要照顾者对我国城乡老年人社区服务需求的影响。主要照顾者被分为五类,即配偶、儿子、女儿、儿媳和其他人。配偶和儿子在我国城乡老年人照顾者中所占的比例最高;儿媳在农村老年人主要照顾者中占的比例较高。对各种社区服务有需求的农村老人的比例高于城市老人;城乡老年人对上门看病和上门护理服务需求最高。回归结果表明,被配偶和女儿照顾的城市老人对社区服务有需求的可能性较小;被女儿照顾的农村老人对社区服务有需求的可能性较低。这说明被不同照顾者照料的老年人对社区服务的需求有显著差异;被儿子、儿媳和其他人照料的老年人很可能是今后我国老年社区服务的主要对象。     

从"人"的发现到"以人为本"--马克思的"人学"发展理路

马克思对"人"的新发现在于揭示出"人是人的最高本质"、人的本质是一切社会关系的总和等命题,并从人的存在方式的多样性角度提炼出人的本质和特点.马克思人学思想有着深刻的"以人为本"底蕴,表现在人处于实践和理论的出发点地位;社会发展是"人的解放"的过程;"每个人的自由发展"是人的发展的目的.马克思人学思想有着强烈的实践性特征.     

Ideas in Politics in International Context

This article asks how we might rethink the study of ‘ideas in politics’ in modern Britain. It suggests that historians need to set the problem in its international contexts in a more structured way. Focussing on the nineteenth century, the article reflects on conceptual angles opened up by ‘global intellectual’ and ‘entangled’ approaches to political ideas and behaviour. While stressing that these methods have their pitfalls, the article argues that a reconsideration of the seams where international and intellectual contexts meet can help to reconnect modern British political history with wider historical debates.     

An empirical investigation of determinants of corporate social performance using multi-dimensional panel data analysis

An assessment of the determinants of corporate social performance (CSP) in emerging economies is still too fractured. This article contributes to general management literature by developing an empirical model based on the existing theoretical models rooted in neo-institutional theory (legitimacy approach), stakeholders management theory, agency theory, the resource-based view of the firm, slack resources argument, and managerial control theory. A robust, multidimensional, unweighted disclosure index was used to measure CSP. This article provides a methodologically and empirically more rigorous assessment of determinants of CSP compared to previous studies by performing panel data regression analysis on 307 firms for 10 years. The results reveal that the presence of a legal framework, board attributes (board size, board diversity, board interlocking), women on board, ownership pattern, financial performance, firm attributes (size, age, leverage), and industry characteristics affect CSP significantly. These findings provide very important clues to design pragmatic strategies to improve CSP.     

Uneven local implementation of federal policy after disaster: Policy conflict and goal ambiguity

As climate change continues to increase both the frequency and intensity of environmental hazards and disasters, the need for a cohesive national mitigation policy grows. As the environmental federalism scholarship indicates, the inherent tension in federal, state, and local policy implementation highlights that despite a national need, environmental quality is a local public good. To complicate matters, there is disagreement about the optimal level of decision-making regarding the adoption and implementation of environmental policy. This study addresses this gap by considering the role of policy ambiguity and conflict in policy implementation. The analysis relies on primary qualitative data collected from open-ended interviews with 22 local government officials in 12 municipalities following Hurricane Harvey. Through the lens of policy ambiguity and conflict, we find confirmatory support for the idea that policies with less ambiguous goals are more likely to be implemented. Furthermore, we find that policy conflict arises when local governments perceive there is little for the community to gain by implementing the federal program. Thus, the level of protection afforded to citizens varies greatly between communities and is influenced heavily by politics. This research supports the Ambiguity-Conflict Model of policy implementation, an oft-cited but rarely tested theoretical framework for assessing the intergovernmental politics of policy implementation. It also demonstrates the barriers to local implementation of federal environmental policy in a nested system of government.     

Doing more among institutional boundaries: Platform-enabled government in China

The concept of Government as a Platform (GaaP) has recently encountered setbacks in practice worldwide. While existing literature on inter-governmental collaboration has emphasized organizational restructuring and data sharing, this study argues that a pragmatic way to improve administrative efficiency in the absence of formal institutional change is to adopt an alternative model to GaaP: platform-enabled government. Enabled by innovations of the middle-tier platform, this new model of platform governance integrates the functions of distributed systems of multiple departments into a sequential workflow without the requirement of institutional reform or sharing proprietary data. To demonstrate how this model facilitates information flow across institutional boundaries and improves collaborative governance, we analyze horizontal, vertical, and public-private collaboration using a diverse case study design. We examine administrative review, law enforcement, and contact tracing during the pandemic in the context of China. Our findings suggest accommodating institutional boundaries is a practical and effective approach to advance the digital government agenda in decentralized contexts.     

How governance boundaries affect regional collaboration on atmospheric governance—Evidence from China's Yangtze River Delta

Regional public affairs will become more complex when contradictions emerge between administrative boundaries and policy issues that require cross-boundary collaboration. Breaking administrative boundaries has become a prerequisite for facilitating inter-local government collaboration. This study categorizes governance boundaries into the administrative boundary and the ecology-based policy boundary and then examines how these two governance boundaries and their interactive relationship contribute to the intergovernmental collaboration network in China's regional atmospheric governance (RAG). Using data on the atmospheric governance collaboration from 30 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2013 to 2018, we employ the MR-QAP model to find that cities within the same administrative boundary are more likely to collaborate and cities within the ecology-based policy boundary, compared with those beyond, are more likely to collaborate but with a lagging effect. Ecology-based policy boundary has a positive but lagging moderating effect on the contribution of the administrative boundary to the formation of intergovernmental collaboration networks.     

科学发展观的指导与新经济改革理论的发展

新经济改革理论即完善社会主义市场经济体制新阶段的改革理论,其在科学发展观的指导下形成,在科学发展观的指导下深化,在科学发展观的指导下提升。其基本内容在党的十六届三中全会《决定》、十七大《报告》和胡锦涛总书记“12·18”《讲话》三篇重要文献中,前后衔接,相互贯通,连成了一条以科学发展观为指导的新经济改革理论的演进轨迹。     

治理理论适用于中国的对策研究

治理理论是上世纪80年代在西方国家兴起的一种全新的理论,它的兴起主要是为了解决政府失灵和市场失灵所带来的社会问题。在我国进行市场经济体制改革的过程中,也存在着在政府和市场失灵的地方,治理理论是解决我们发展过程中的问题可资借鉴的一种比较先进的理论。但是,我们在运用它时却面临着一系列问题。所以,我们要努力解决这些问题,从而为应用治理理论创造条件。     

对中心城区侵财类刑事案件的思考

通过对上海市黄浦、卢湾、静安三个中心城区2003年以来部分侵财刑事案件的发案进行的分析,中心城区侵财类刑事发案总量逐步趋于稳定,但盗窃类案件仍居高不下;形形色色的诈骗案层出不穷;“两抢”案件发案总体稳定,并呈下降趋势。侵财案件高发不是偶然的现象,而是有着深刻的社会经济、管理以及人文背景。必须真正树立并贯彻“以打促防,打防结合”的观念,变被动防为主动防;以动制动,提高对侵财案件的打防力度;综合治理,动员社会资源共同推进防范工作;完善司法规定,提高执法机关的执法效率和打击力度。