“大学英语”精品课程建设：以“口语”为特色

根据《大学英语课程教学要求》,本文描述了以“口语”为特色,集课堂、英语寝室、计算机网络、校园文化等“四维”为系统的大学英语精品课程建设模式,要在教学改革创新中保留并丰富“口语领先”这一多年形成的传统智慧。     

Development and Validation of a Method Using Dried Oral Fluid Spot to Determine Drugs of Abuse

A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method using dried oral fluid spots was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, amphetamine, and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The oral fluid was applied to a Whatman 903 grade paper and submitted to a drying time of 2.5 h. The extraction procedure was optimized by chemometric approach using simplex centroid design. Spots were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile, buffer, and methanol. Calibration curves covered a linear concentration range of 40–500 ng/mL. Validation parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, carryover, matrix effects, and stability were evaluated and showed satisfactory results. Spot homogeneity was also satisfactory, with less than 15% of deviation from nominal concentration. Spot volume did not influence accuracy when less than 100 μL of the sample was applied to the spot. The validation of the proposed method suggests a potential application in different scenarios in toxicology.     

mRNA荧光复合扩增系统鉴别正常和异常精液初探

目的构建mRNA荧光复合扩增体系,实现对不同种类精液(尤其是无精症精液)的区分鉴别。方法收集正常、少精症及无精症的精液样本,制备精斑样本后提取细胞总RNA,利用逆转录PCR技术扩增2个精子特异mRNA标记(PRM1、PRM2)、2个精浆特异mRNA标记(TGM4、SEMG1)和2个管家基因mRNA标记(TEF、UCE)。结果正常精液样本可检测到全部精液mRNA标记表达;少精症精液样本虽然可检测到全部mRNA标记表达,但精子特异mRNA标记表达量较低;无精症精液样本不能检测到精子mRNA标记,只能检测到精浆特异mRNA标记。结论利用mRNA荧光复合扩增系统可以实现对正常和无精症精液的区分,而正常精液和少精症精液相比差异无统计学意义。     

‘Two children to make ends meet’: the ideal family size,parental responsibilities and costs of children on two sides of the Iron Curtain during the post-war fertility decline

One of the major corollaries of the post-war fertility boom and decline is that two-child families became common across Europe after the 1970s. Despite the general agreement on the convergence of fertility trends, there is still little understanding of how this change took place in a comparative perspective of Western and Eastern Europe, which at that time were characterised by Cold War tensions of different ideological regimes. This study addresses this aspect by focusing on individual decisions around childbearing, child-rearing and family size. Based on 104 oral histories from Switzerland and Ukraine, this study illuminates that the urban setting provided parents with a similar set of constraints and opportunities, which eventually resulted in strikingly similar perceptions of the costs of childrearing on two sides of the Iron Curtain. Individuals’ motives to postpone first birth in Switzerland and second birth in Ukraine rested on a similar aspiration to invest in the well-being of children by ensuring material security for the family. This aim was increasingly achieved through female labour-force participation and adoption of modern contraception – the pill in Switzerland and abortion in Ukraine. While the timing of returning to the labour market and the share of women working after entering parenthood might have varied across the two contexts, a good mother became increasingly defined in both contexts in terms of providing emotionally and financially for her children. Although the introduction of modern birth control methods allowed couples to plan family size more carefully, it also made Swiss and Ukrainian women increasingly carry the major costs and actual burden of birth control. Altogether, this study challenges the common assumption around the persistence of strikingly different demographic realities in post-war Western and Eastern Europe by uncovering the mechanisms behind the stabilisation of family size around the two-child family ideal.     

微量口腔脱落细胞检材的DNA检验

目的寻求提高微量口腔脱落细胞检材的DNA检验成功率的简便有效的提取方法。方法对不同载体上的100份微量口腔脱落细胞检材采用小体积Chelex-100法提取DNA,在ABI7500型荧光定量PCR仪上进行定量,同时用IdentifilerTM复合扩增系统扩增,在ABI3130遗传分析仪上进行STR分型。结果从25根饮料吸管上提取的DNA量在0.72～116.7.8ng,16个水杯杯缘提取的DNA量在2.15-142.5ng,31个饮料瓶(罐)口提取的DNA量在1～34.65ng,10根筷子上提取的DNA量在3.35～26.6ng,12个果核中提取的DNA量在0.294～21.4ng,6份吃剩的骨头中提取的DNA量在0.88～5.88ng。100份检材性别及9个以上STR位点分型成功率平均为59.38%。除了使用者的个人原因外,检材的提取送检方式、检材的质地、饮料的性质对提取的DNA量有显著影响,是否加蛋白酶K对提取的DNA量无显著影响。结论采用小体积Chelex-100法可对60%左右的微量口腔脱落细胞检材提取DNA进行STR分型。     

不同透析液显现涂抹掩盖字迹的研究

用透析液显现涂抹掩盖的字迹,因掩盖方式、字迹色料、字迹载体、掩盖时间、掩盖层色料及试剂不同,其显现效果的差异较大。     

India＇s Look East Policy and north-eastern states： An overview

To become an economic developed country, every country needs to look for its trade and commerce because it is one of the most prominent factors. Hence, the present study is an endeavor to highlight ＂India＇s Look East Policy and its northeastern states＂. The methodology adopted here is mainly based on secondary data and information, the sources of which have been compiled from different national and international journals and related books, etc.. India＇s involvement in the enterprises of ASEAN （Association of South East Asian Nations） for economic corporation was initiated in the year 1991 with the function of ＂Look East Policy＂. ASEAN countries have emerged as significant entities among India＇s most dynamic trade partners. Undoubtedly, north-east India has the potential to become gateway to the east, which can help trade and commerce with ASEAN countries to flourish.     

Free amino acid concentrations in vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid in relation to the cause of death and postmortem interval

We studied free amino acids in vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid from 58 cadavers in the course of routine medicolegal autopsies in the city of Granada. The main objective was to establish whether free amino acids contents in these fluids were related with the cause of death, postmortem interval, and severity of the classic signs of asphyxia. The amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glutamine, glycine/threonine/histidine, citruline, arginine, alanine, taurine, GABA, tirosine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine/tryptophan, leucine, and lysine) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. There were no statistically significant differences in amino acids concentrations in vitreous humor when the different causes of death were considered. Our results did not show any statistically significant relationship when asphyxial score was plotted against the vitreous content of each amino acid. A statistically significant increase with postmortem interval was observed in vitreous taurine (r = 0.3191, p = 0.01461), glutamate (r = 0.4323, p = 0.0007) and particularly in aspartate (r = 0.4508, p = 0.0003).     

新疆地区66例多类型栓塞死亡法医学尸检分析

总结分析不同类型的栓子(血栓、脂肪、空气、羊水)栓塞致死的一般特点,探讨其法医病理学鉴定要点及注意事项.对2015～2021年在新疆医科大学司法鉴定所鉴定的66例栓塞致死案例进行回顾分析.经过研究分析,导致患者出现栓塞的因素较多,栓塞致死以肺动脉血栓栓塞多见,另外空气栓塞、羊水栓塞和脂肪栓塞也不容忽视,其均能导致呼吸、...