Analytical procedures for determination of opiates in hair: a review

This article reviews the analysis of opiates in hair. Hair matrix pretreatment, hydrolysis, extraction and detection procedures are presented amongst a study of over 70 bibliographic data. In addition, a new method for the extraction of opiates from hair, in which a powdered sample of hair is extracted directly by subcritical fluid, is presented.     

侦查与口供

口供在不同的诉讼模式、不同的诉讼阶段、犯罪嫌疑人是否出于自愿和不同的刑事案件中有不同的性质和地位;为了促使侦查机关尽可能合法地取得犯罪嫌疑人的真实口供,我国的侦查程序需要从整体模式到具体制度进行改进。     

警察口语表达修辞技巧的思考

警察口语水平的高低,从一个侧面直接反映了警察的基本素质。警察在警务工作中的用语,都必须注意口语表达的效果,而口语表达效果的提高,离不开口语的修辞。警察口语修辞应包含语音和语调的修辞、语境的修辞、委婉语的修辞、遣词造句的修辞和态势语的修辞。要通过加强实践训练、强化记忆能力和训练口语的语感等来提高警察口语修辞技巧。     

论交际法在高职英语口语教学中的运用

本文作者就如何提高高职英语口语的途径作了阐述。作者在分析语用失误的基础上,借鉴第二语言习得理论,围绕真实交际的原则,拟就英语口语教学途径做简要探讨。     

Vitreous Fluid and/or Urine Glucose Concentrations in 1335 Civil Aviation Accident Pilot Fatalities*

Abstract: During aviation accident investigations, vitreous fluid and urine samples from pilot fatalities are analyzed for glucose and blood for hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) to monitor diabetic pilots and to discover other pilots with undiagnosed/unreported diabetes. The prevalence of elevated glucose concentrations in fatally injured pilots was evaluated by searching the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s Toxicology Database for the period 1998–2005. Out of 1335 pilots involving 363 vitreous fluid, 365 urine, and 607 vitreous fluid and urine analyses, 43 pilots had elevated glucose in vitreous fluid (>125 mg/dL) and/or in urine (>100 mg/dL). Of the 20 pilots whose blood samples were analyzed, nine had >6% HbA_1c—four were known diabetics, and five were unknown diabetics. Urinary glucose levels were elevated in all 13 known hyperglycemic pilots. A considerable number of pilots (30 of 43) had elevated glucose and HbA_1c (5 of 20), suggesting undiagnosed/unreported diabetic conditions.     

羊水栓塞死亡医疗纠纷案件的法医学分析

目的分析引发医疗纠纷的羊水栓塞死亡病例的相关因素,以帮助提高对羊水栓塞诊治能力,减少医疗纠纷。方法对我中心2006～2009年间鉴定的8例医疗纠纷相关羊水栓塞死亡病例的临床资料及过失认定进行回顾性分析。结果（1）医疗因素分析：7例具有使用催产素史;3例发生于产前破膜后,5例发生于产后;具有典型临床症状5例,不典型临床症状3例;早期诊断7例;3例实施子宫次全切除术;发生在二级医院以下6例。（2）法医学鉴定分析：催产素使用不当及观察记录缺陷占87.5%（7/8）;7例早期诊断羊水栓塞,但在供氧、解痉和子宫切除方面存在治疗缺陷。结论提高对产前、产后羊水栓塞症状特点的认识和处置能力,强化病历记录规范、完整及充分告知说明,是减少医疗纠纷案件的关键,也是法医学鉴定判断的重要依据。     

现场生物斑迹遗留时间推断研究进展

就现场提取的生物检材而言,我们除了需要准确获得DNA STR分型进行个体识别和亲子鉴定,还希望能够通过技术手段获知其遗留时间、空间定位等更多信息。本文以血迹为主要研究对象,就国内外采用光学、细胞生物学、分子生物学等方法推断生物斑迹遗留时间进行总结,并对法医微生物学这一法庭科学新领域在时空线索推断中的应用做以介绍,为现场生物斑迹遗留时间推断研究提供参考。     

Quantitative analysis of multiple illicit drugs in preserved oral fluid by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

We present a validated method for the simultaneous analysis of basic drugs which comprises a sample clean-up step, using mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE), followed by LC–MS/MS analysis. Deuterated analogues for all of the analytes of interest were used for quantitation. The applied HPLC gradient ensured the elution of all the drugs examined within 14 min and produced chromatographic peaks of acceptable symmetry. Selectivity of the method was achieved by a combination of retention time, and two precursor-product ion transitions for the non-deuterated analogues. Oral fluid was collected with the Intercept^®, a FDA approved sampling device that is used on a large scale in the US for workplace drug testing. However, this collection system contains some ingredients (stabilizers and preservatives) that can cause substantial interferences, e.g. ion suppression or enhancement during LC–MS/MS analysis, in the absence of suitable sample pre-treatment. The use of the SPE was demonstrated to be highly effective and led to significant decreases in the interferences. Extraction was found to be both reproducible and efficient with recoveries >76% for all of the analytes. Furthermore, the processed samples were demonstrated to be stable for 48 h, except for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, where a slight negative trend was observed, but did not compromise the quantitation. In all cases the method was linear over the range investigated (2–200 μg/L) with an excellent intra-assay and inter-assay precision (coefficients of variation <10% in most cases) for QC samples spiked at a concentration of 4, 12 and 100 μg/L. Limits of quantitation were estimated to be at 2 μg/L with limits of detection ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 μg/L, which meets the requirements of SAMHSA for oral fluid testing in the workplace. The method was subsequently applied to the analysis of Intercept^® samples collected at the roadside by the police, and to determine MDMA and MDA levels in oral fluid samples from a controlled study.     

人脑脊液中利多卡因的高效液相色谱分析

目的 建立人脑脊液中利多卡因的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。方法 以空白人脑脊液添加标准利多卡因进行HPLC分析,并系统考察实验中的色谱条件、样品处理方法、线性关系、精密度及回收率。结果 所建方法的线性范围是1.0～20.0μg·ml-1(r=0.9993),最低检测浓度为1.0μg·ml-1(S/N≥3),日内、日间检测的相对标准偏差≤3.0％,回收率为98.3％～102.7％。结论 所建方法定量检测人脑脊液中的利多卡,灵敏、准确、快速。