什么是言论——《宪法》第35条的一种论理解释

综合我国基本权利谱系、基本权利条款间的关系及立法意图,既不宜对言论作字面解释,将其含义限定为口头形式,同时也不宜作过分的扩充解释。我国《宪法》第35条意义上的言论,不仅包括口头形式,还应包括书面形式,但已成为基本权利或可以被其他基本权利条款所包摄的表达形式不在言论范畴。     

略论高职《安全保卫实用英语口语》新课程的开发建设

高等职业教育教学改革的重点和难点是课程建设与改革。本文以高职理念为指导,详细阐述了高职安全保卫专业《安全保卫实用英语口语》新课程开发的动因、目标、定位、意义及课程内容开发建设的路径和初步成果。     

microRNA Detection in Blood,Urine, Semen,and Saliva Stains After Compromising Treatments

Evaluation of microRNA (miRNA) expression as a potential method for forensic body fluid identification has been the subject of investigation over the past several years. Because of their size and encapsulation within proteins and lipids, miRNAs are inherently less susceptible to degradation than other RNAs. In this work, blood, urine, semen, and saliva were exposed to environmental and chemical conditions mimicking sample compromise at the crime scene. For many treated samples, including 100% of blood samples, miRNAs remained detectable, comparable to the untreated control. Sample degradation varied by body fluid and treatment, with blood remarkably resistant, while semen and saliva are more susceptible to environmental insult. Body fluid identification using relative miRNA expression of blood and semen of the exposed samples was 100% and 94%, respectively. Given the overall robust results herein, the case is strengthened for the use of miRNAs as a molecular method for body fluid identification.     

Evidence based strategy for normalization of quantitative PCR data,in forensic miRNA-analysis

Micro-RNA (miRNA) based analysis of body fluids and composition of complex crime stains has recently been introduced as a potential and powerful tool to forensic genetics. Analysis of miRNA analysis has several advantages over mRNA but reliable miRNA detection and quantification using quantitative PCR requires a solid and forensically relevant normalization strategy. In our study we evaluated a panel of 12 carefully selected reference genes for their suitability as endogenous controls in miRNA qPCR normalization in forensically relevant settings. We analyzed assay performances and variances in venous blood, semen, menstrual blood, saliva and vaginal secretion and mixtures thereof integrating highly standardized protocols with contemporary methodologies and included several well established computational algorithms.Based on these empirical results, we recommend normalization to the group of RNU24, RNU43, and RNU66, as this signature exhibits the most stable expression levels and the least expected variation among the evaluated candidate reference genes in forensically relevant body fluids. To account for the lack of consensus on how best to perform and interpret quantitative PCR experiments, our study's documentation is according to MIQE guidelines, defining the “minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments”.     

拷讯论略

拷讯 (即刑讯逼供 )制度是中国古代司法制度中最具特色的部分。本文介绍了历代法律对拷讯制度的规定 ,分析了拷讯制度的特点及成因 ,在此基础上探讨古代拷讯对现代司法体制的影响并提出了从立法上消除刑讯逼供的建议。     

论共犯口供在口供补强规则中的法律地位

口供补强规则在我国尚未有明确的法律规定,司法实践中出现了一些混乱现象；共犯口供也是证据法中的重要问题,从共犯口供与口供补强规则的角度出发,论证共犯口供的证据能力,是否需要被补强,如何补强和能否作为同案共犯口供的补强证据,有助于相关理论与实践问题的解决.     

RNA在法医学中的研究应用进展

长期以来,RNA由于其自身的不稳定性、易降解的特征未受到法医学者的关注。近年来,随着定量PCR等分子生物学技术的改进与发展,RNA分析逐渐开始在法医学实验室中开展起来。RNA可用于死亡时间、创口形成时间、斑痕形成时间的推测,并且可取代传统的血清酶学检测用于确定体液类型并扩大了检测范围,还可以辅助诊断细胞或器官的功能状态。本文就近年来RNA在法医学的研究应用进展做一概述。     

A validation study of mRNA markers for skin cell identification

The objectives of this study were to develop and optimize a multiplex of three skin specific gene markers; loricrin (LOR), corneodesmosin (CDSN) and keratin 9 (KRT9) and 1 house-keeping marker, β-actin (ACTB) using an endpoint PCR assay to analyze expression data from a range of relevant samples. Marker specificity and suitability were evaluated for their inclusion in future forensic casework. The presence of the three skin mRNA markers was successfully confirmed from swabs of human skin obtained from 20 individuals at each of 6 different body sites (forehead, neck, arm, palm, leg and sole). Significant variation was observed in the relative expression of the three genes across the body sites, with some individuals consistently failing to express one or more of the targets. Inter-individual variation was also evident. Accordingly, these markers must be used with caution in the identification of skin in forensic samples.     

论我国人口计生事业的改革与发展

本文从以人为中心的理念出发探讨了我国人口和计划生育事业的改革与发展问题,指出人口治理新理念应是从以数为本单一控制人口数量转向以人为本统筹解决人口问题。首先探讨了人口计生公共管理服务的八大机制,新宣教的理论框架,新优质服务概念框架和六连环路径。然后提出了日常管理与危机管理并重的主张,强调了人口危机管理要从＂末端治理＂转向＂预防管理＂。最后讨论了流动人口计划生育管理体制的改革问题,并总结了五点经验。