“国家秘密”理念与“合法伤害权”消解

国家秘密界定的模糊性易导致公众知政权的“合法伤害”，调整“国家秘密”理念有助于“合法伤害权”的消解。理性设立国家保密事项的合理界限应该确立两项基本原则：以信息的公开是否存在“明显而即刻的危险或损害”作为秘密事项判断的标准，且危险或损害的“明显”而“即刻”性预测是合理的；基于前一原则强调公民权利的满足而非政府权力的到位，对于不明显符合上述原则的那些信息，应以公开而非保密为优先考虑。     

检察机关执行国家赔偿法中遇到的问题及立法建议

本文围绕赔偿案件确认标准、确认程序和审理期限及赔偿法应明确检察机关法律监督地位等问题进行了研究分析,并提出了立法建议。     

前苏联违宪审查的制度基础及其实践运行

最高国家权力机关审查制是前苏联时期施行的违宪审查制度。由于奉行"代表机关至上"的权力构建理念,使得前苏联只能把违宪审查权交由最高国家权力机关行使。最高国家权力机关审查制的运行状况并不理想,流于形式。究其原因,主要是因为最高国家权力机关权力旁落、宪法权威被漠视。     

国家与社会的协同发展——中国地方治理发展的新趋势

综合考察当今中国各地的地方治理，我们会发现一种新的趋势正在出现：一方面，国家权力在向基层社会延伸，并在地方治理中产生了较好的效果；另一方面，基层社会自主性逐步加强，基层社会力量对国家权力的制约和监督逐步加强并规范。这一新的趋势表明，基层国家权力和社会力量协同发展的关系正在形成，良好的中国地方治理，既需要有力高效的政府，也需要一个较强自主性的社会力量。     

廖建裕与印尼华人研究

印度尼西亚是“一带一路”沿线重要的节点国家,印尼华人是印尼国家多元民族中不可分割的一部分,在印度尼西亚不同历史时期,他们都发挥了重要作用。作为著名的海外华人研究学者,廖建裕先生从不同角度和层面对印尼华人和东南亚华人进行了深入研究和探讨,取得了丰硕的成果,本文介绍他的学术生平、学术贡献以及他对印尼民族国家建构的理论和观点。     

法定犯中行政前置性要件的法理基础与制度构造

行政前置性要件作为刑法分则个罪中的限制性要件,强调行政处理优先性,包含着以刑罚处罚确保行政执法效果的制度期待,是刑法谦抑性的新表达。在法定犯日趋增多的时代背景下,刑法修正中的犯罪化不可避免,单一强调犯罪化或非犯罪化均存在较大副作用,在个罪中设置行政前置性要件,重视法益恢复在阻却犯罪成立中的积极价值,有利于追寻犯罪化与非犯罪化的最佳平衡点。行政前置性要件的法理基础在于部分犯罪存在法益侵害待定状态。立法者在增设法定犯时,若认为该犯罪存在法益侵害待定状态,并且不直接涉及人身法益,当优先考虑设置行政前置性要件。     

Institutional Arrangements and State and Local Financial Forecasting

Abstract

The articles in this symposium present various consequences that effectively result in changes from adopted budgets during the implementation phase, which derive from institutional structure. The institutional structures referred to include such attributes as internal policy, procedural methodology, longevity in office, and reward and incentive systems related to performance outcomes

For local governments, structural influences studied include changes in leadership in the executive and legislative branches, longevity in office of budget administrators, and differences related to mayor-council vs. council-manager forms of government. Internal policies reported on cover methodology used to forecast revenues such as quantitative methods versus informed judgment, budgetary controls and spending policy related to mandated spending beyond local government control, and procedures for benchmarking within the agency as well as with peer groups and professional standards.

Consortia of governments are referenced regarding performance evaluation as is the process for gaining consensus between the executive and legislative branches, including expert outside opinion. Other influences on performance outcomes reported on are those tied to the risk-reward system built in to the institutional structure, which includes risk tolerance of the individuals who make pension fund investments.     

Terrorism,violence against the public,and the media: The Australian approach

This paper examines the balance between the apparently competing objectives of government and the media in the general area of violence against the public and details the Australian model for handling issues associated with terrorism and the media. Australia's counterterrorism strategy may be considered holistic, going beyond the idea of a comprehensive capability for response to an actual public incident to include preventive measures and enhancement of the national security environment, suggesting that all elements of the society, including the media, regard security as a cooperative endeavor. These elements have been developed in the “National Anti‐Terrorist Plan” (NATP), developed by Australia's Standing Advisory Committee on Commonwealth/State Cooperation for Prevention against Violence (SAC‐PAV). For the past several years, the SAC‐PAV has been developing a basic strategic guide to provide structure for its many activities, and the committee has agreed that the NATP requires a fourfold strategy for dealing with the media: (1) public communication policies and guidelines, (2) incorporating media response and incident management strategies, (3) media training, and (4) physical controls. In addition, the SAC‐PAV has formulated a set of guidelines for the media to apply when covering terrorist incidents, indicating clearly what crisis managers and counterterrorism response organizations expect of media handling of public crises.     

孙中山权力制约思想初探

孙中山先生总结了中国数千年文明史的政治智慧，深入研究了欧美国家的政治思想、制度，结合中国的国情，提出了一整套治国理念和方针，核心是主权在民与权力制约。主要内容有民主共和思想；五权分立；军政、训政、宪政思想及选举、罢免、创制、复决四大权利学说等。对后人的有益启示是：要用法律切实保障公民的经济地位；要打牢基层民主自治的坚实基础；必须摆正主人与公仆的关系；要重视国家政体的建设与改革。     

民国时期弱势群体的法律保护

弱势群体是一个社会当中相对脆弱的群体。在民国社会特定的背景之下，灾荒逃民、战乱流民、失业游民及老幼病残等人构成了民国社会的弱势群体，他们的生存状态堪忧，严重影响了当时的社会稳定。对此，民国政府作出了必的回应，采取措施，开展立法，建立机构，与社会民众一道共同推进弱势群体保护事业，确保社会稳定发展。民国政府在开展弱势群体保护的过程中，表现出保护对象的广泛性、救济措施的主动性、政府民间的合力性等特色，值得当下的我们进一步考察和分析。