The optimisation of fingermark enhancement by VMD and Lumicyano™ on thermal paper

The enhancement of fingermarks on thermal paper can be challenging due to background staining caused by polar solvents used in fingermark enhancement techniques such as ninhydrin. This study explored a commercial one-step superglue fuming process, Lumicyano™, and Vacuum Metal Deposition (VMD) to develop fingermarks on this substrate and overcome this issue. Different sequential treatments involving Lumicyano™ and a combination of VMD methods were investigated with varying degrees of success with some sequences being highly sensitive. The VMD processes, however, were observed to generally be more effective at enhancing marks, whereas Lumicyano™ provided little or no benefit on this paper type. The results indicate that Lumicyano™ is only beneficial as a pre-treatment when the entire sequence of gold/zinc and silver/zinc is taken to completion. The gold/zinc and silver/zinc VMD processes were optimised on five different thermal papers, and the optimised techniques were then directly compared to determine which was more successful on each thermal paper type as a single treatment.     

关于学年学分制条件下高校系部教学管理工作的思考

二战后,各国高校根据自身情况选择施行学分制、学年制及学年学分制.目前,在我国高校的教学管理制度中,这三种形式也是并存的.我校自转制成为普通本科高等院校以来,在施行学年学分制方面,进行了探索和尝试,其基本经验是:加强教学管理工作,帮助学生建立完整的专业知识结构,以适应市场经济需要.     

A Concurrent Analysis of Three Institutions that Transform Health Technology‐Based Ventures: Economic Policy,Capital Investment,and Market Approval

Drawing on institutional theory, this article articulates qualitative insights from a program of research on Canadian health technology‐based ventures to examine the rules that characterize economic policy, capital investment, and regulatory approval as well as the way these institutions enable and constrain the development of ventures at an early stage. Our findings clarify how economic policy integrates these ventures into the entrepreneurial domain, how capital investment configures them for economic value extraction, and how regulatory approval fully releases their market value. These findings help to revisit current policy modernization initiatives by calling attention to the convergence among the three institutions. Rather than operating solely as a source of constraints, these institutions provide a highly integrated market‐oriented space for health technology‐based entrepreneurial activities to unfold.     

Coming out of the shadow? Studies of local governments in Central and Eastern Europe in European academic research

This article is an analysis of the changing role of research on local governments in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) within mainstream European studies. It refers to dependency theory (Wallerstein, Prebish) as applied to scientific research. It classifies CEE as being in the semi-periphery of academic research. The empirical analysis consists of two parts: (1) qualitative review of the most important of the comparative studies of European local governments. It includes a discussion on the role of local governments and researchers from CEE in these studies; (2) quantitative based on an analysis of articles published in international journals and citations for those articles in Scopus. The analysis covers 14 countries (all new member states who joined the EU from 2004 onwards, plus the Balkan countries: Albania, Macedonia, and Serbia).     

侦查学科建设和学术研究的困境和出路

当前我国侦查学科建设和学术研究存在许多致命问题,主要表现在研究对象含混、学术共同体没有形成、没有科学的学术目的、学术话语系统没有形成、学术资源欠缺等多个方面。在学科建设和学术研究的内在逻辑中思考以上问题有一定意义,但对未来侦查学建设和发展景象和效果应审慎乐观。欲推进侦查学科建设,开展学术研究,首先需要解决学科队伍素质的提高、研究对象和研究方法论的界定、公安院校办学模式的变革等三个根本问题。     

中国宪法研究问题域的区分与解释

中国宪法研究的相关成果存在着诸多问题。如对这些问题加以审视,可以认为学术逻辑链条的断裂与跨越是导致问题的主因。如果从中国宪法研究所应关注的问题域入手,就可把问题域区分为"基本与内生问题域"、"扩展问题域"和"实践问题域"。"基本与内生问题域"主要解决中国宪法研究所要处理的概念问题,"扩展问题域"主要解决基本与内生概念内涵的丰富与拓展问题,"实践问题域"主要是对"基本与内生问题域"和"扩展问题域"的应用及在应用过程中对之进行调整和矫正。三个问题域的先后顺序与彼此关系构成了中国宪法研究所应遵循的学术逻辑链条,同时,也只有在三个问题域之间形成良性的动态关系,才会保证中国宪法研究的品质。     

犯罪学的独立性与犯罪学学科的独立性——论犯罪学学科的抽象化和科学化

犯罪学与犯罪学学科是不同的两种事物,二者的独立性条件不同。犯罪学独立与否取决于社会的需要;犯罪学学科的独立与否取决于研究力度。犯罪学学科的依赖性不能够成为否定犯罪学独立的理由。犯罪学学科的独立条件有赖于进行犯罪学学科建设。哲学化和科学化是犯罪学学科建设的必经之路。     

论学术编辑知识创新动力及其复加

学术编辑知识创新系统的正常运转需要维系的动力,其动力从产生的层次上分,可区分为内在动力和外在动力;从产生的基础上分,可区分为物质动力和精神动力;从作用的方向或性质上分,可区分为正动力和负动力。研究各种动力因素的产生、地位、作用及其相互联系,寻找各种动力的合成与分解规律,并认识和利用这些规律,在学术编辑的知识创新实践过程中,发挥积极因素,克服消极因素,对于提升学术编辑知识创新系统的总动力,加速学术编辑知识创新目标的实现具有现实意义。     

Capacity Building as an Instrument of Institutional Reform: Improving the Quality of Higher Education through Academic Audits in the UK, New Zealand, Sweden, and Hong Kong

As countries convert from state to market-centered public policies, there is increasing interest in new forms of public accountability. Capacity building initiatives that reform institutional frameworks are useful policy instruments during this period of transition. What are the impacts and implementation problems characteristic of this approach? This article reviews the experience with "Academic Audit," a capacity building accountability instrument for universities adopted in the UK, Sweden, New Zealand, and Hong Kong. Academic audits altered the incentives for cooperative behavior among faculty members to improve student learning. Identified implementation problems included: training for the new process, the uncertainty of capacity building benefits, and the central role of information.     

法学研究如何学术——学术史方法的重申

当下中国法学研究学术性不强的原因主要在于法学研究者自身,因此需要将视线转向学术本身。基于学术史方法是学术最基本方法的判断,可以发现中国法学研究学术性不强的原因在于学术史方法的缺失,这使得中国法学研究中的学术性与非学术性混淆不清;法学难以确立自己学科的独立地位;法学研究中引证混乱并难以发挥学术评价功能;法学研究中学术传统西化倾向严重。而当代中国法学研究学术性完善之路在于:实用标准与学术标准的适度分离,确立学术的独立性与学术评价的独立标准;增强对学术重要性的认识;加强学术史意识,强化学术规范;自觉推动法学学术传统的中国化。学术性、学术史方法并不是我们对法学研究的更高要求,而只是提醒我们在法学研究中首先要回到学术研究的基本方法然后再谈其他方法。