大学英语课堂口语学习环境的感知及其与口语自我效能感相关性研究

本文通过调查我校学生对大学英语课堂口语学习环境的感知及其与口语自我效能感的关系,结果发现：（1） 多数学生对口语学习环境各维度认知较积极;（2） 学生对于口语学习环境的感知在性别和口语流利程度层面上存在显著性差异;（3） 口语学习环境的六个维度与口语自我效能感呈显著正相关,其中课堂参与和学生亲和是口语自我效能感的两个预测变量。由此提出对大学英语课堂教学的五点建议。     

关于受贿罪自首认定中隐瞒“行贿事实”问题的思考

贿赂犯罪存在行贿与受贿的对向性,因此司法机关对受贿犯罪自首的认定上比较混乱。这种混乱出现的原因在于法律对自首本身规定的复杂性,以及检察机关与法院对自首标准的把握尺度不同,主要表现在:是否要求受贿罪自首时供述行贿事实。因此,应当通过合理的刑法解释,打破行贿人与受贿人之间的利益裙带关系,推动受贿人自首时能主动交代行贿犯罪事实,从而寻找到案件的突破口。     

Impact of the popular legal participation on forced confessions and wrongful convictions in Japan＇s bureaucratic courtroom： A cross-national analysis in the U.S. and Japan

The interrogation and lengthy detention of the accused by Japan＇s police and prosecutors without access to legal counsel has generated many forced confessions in Japan＇s criminal court. As results, past research estimated that a large number of innocent people have been falsely convicted, and some of them were even executed for crimes they have not committed. Since almost all of indicted cases result in convictions in Japan＇s criminal court, allegations of wrongful convictions have raised serious human rights issues, and the use of forced confessions in criminal proceedings has long been criticized by families of the accused, their attorneys, legal scholars, citizen activists, and international human rights groups. This paper examines whether or not the 2009 introduction of the Saiban-in Saiban （the quasi-jury trial）, where ordinary citizens deliberate together with Japan＇s bureaucratic judges, helps prevent instances of wrongful convictions. As Japan＇s high conviction rate has substantiated that the Japanese court may be another bureaucratic system that is more interested in preserving its own authority and maintaining the status quo, the infusion of non-bureaucratic legal participants into the traditional judicial process may create the potential to alter the nature of trial processes, the quality of deliberations, and thus ultimate outcomes of criminal trials. Based on interviews and survey responses from Japan＇s grand jury （i.e., Kensatsu Shinsa-kai, or prosecutorial review commission （PRC）） participants and American citizens who served in jury trials, the paper explores the ways in which civic participation in criminal processes may affect the quality of legal decision making in Japan＇s criminal court.     

无辜者认罪的成因分析——基于美国司法实践的阐释

作为一种现实中存在的现象,虚假供述尚未引起我国司法人员的注意,而对此美国学者却进行了深入分析。美国学者根据虚假供述成因的不同将虚假供述区分为三类——自愿性虚假供述、强迫顺从虚假供述与强迫内在化虚假供述,并对各类虚假供述的成因进行了具体的分析,美国学者关于虚假供述成因的分析对我国深刺认识心理强制时代的侦查讯问具有很强的启示意义。     

交通肇事罪的主体范围研究

交通肇事罪的主体要件仍有一些具体问题值得研究。非机动车驾驶人可以成为本罪的主体,在判断时应当以行为人是否是在实行公共交通管理的范围驾驶非机动车为标准。司法解释肯定了单位主管人员、机动车辆所有人或者承包人的交通肇事罪的主体资格,司法实践中应予正确适用。指使者指使肇事人逃逸,致使被害人因得不到救助而死亡的,不能以交通肇事罪中的共犯论处,而是应当以包庇罪定罪;如果是指令肇事者将受害人转移到他人不容察觉、无法救助的地方,致使受害人得不到救助而死亡的,则与肇事逃逸者构成故意杀人罪的共犯。     

应确立口供相对任意性的采证规则

口供作为法定证据中的一种,在诉讼中具有真伪两面性,真实的口供有利于查禁犯罪,而虚假的口供却极易诱发冤假错案。民主法制先进的国家在对待口供问题上都确立了一系列的可采性规则,其中主要是自白的任意性规则。在我国只应确立口供的相对任意性规则,这主要是基于我国的基本国情和刑事诉讼的任务,也是基于诉讼的价值平衡决定的。确立口供相对任意性的采信规则具有一定价值,有利于发现案件真实,提高办案质量,使诉讼更加人性化。但存在影响口供相对任意性采信规则的一些因素,所以要保障口供相对任意性规则的实施。     

“被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪”之理解——兼与刘明祥教授商榷

如果体系性地考虑刑法总则关于共犯的规定以及分则关于拟制正犯的规定,就应该认为我国刑法对共同犯罪采用区分制而非单一正犯概念,共犯从属性说应该得到肯定。刑法第29条第2款规定的“被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪”,只能解释为教唆犯教唆他人犯罪,被教唆人已经着手实行犯罪,但没有达到既遂状态。如此解释既有助于维持共犯的实行从属性,坚持刑法客观主义,也不会放纵犯罪。对于教唆信息完全没有传递给被教唆人、被教唆人明确拒绝教唆、被教唆人虽接受教唆但尚未开始实施预备行为等情形,教唆行为对法益的危险仅仅停留在教唆者内心,不能成立非共同犯罪的教唆未遂。将上述教唆行为评价为教唆未遂,是对刑法第29条第2款的曲解,没有体系地解释刑法规范,有走向刑法主观主义的危险。     

认罪认罚从宽制度若干问题探索

认罪认罚从宽制度建立于控辩协商基础之上,保障被追诉人认罪自愿性是这一制度中关键性、基础性的问题,必须通过科学的程序对审查起诉和侦查环节进行严格控制。为保障认罪协商的实质自愿性和客观公正性,有必要建立证据开示制度,增强平等协商的可能性;以有效辩护为目标,进一步优化值班律师制度,充分发挥值班律师的制度功能;在保留被追诉人上诉权的同时,要从上诉事由、二审审理方式等方面对上诉权进行适当限制,在权利救济与司法效率间进行平衡。     

On the Boundary for Criminal Sanctions on Network One-Sided Accomplice Crimes and a Discussion of the “Qvod Player” Case

According to the criminal law, the Chinese legislation has taken extremely cautious standpoint towards to the one-sided accomplice crime. The alienation of the network joint crime has led the one-sided accomplice crime into continuous theoretical and legislative difficulties. A series of judicial interpretation and legislative changes as contour-measures have been established to initiate the survival scope of one-sided accomplice crime have taken shape. Network operators and service providers who bear statutory safety management obligations violate those obligations knowingly and have further brought about considerable risk or serious harm. Substantial penalty is necessary for irresponsible and illegal mismanagement by the web service providers. The thresholds of punishment towards to the network one-sided accomplice crime should be limited and restrained by reasonably distinguishing normal business behavior from dangerous behaviors based on full consideration of subjective and objective criminal elements simultaneously. The prosecution of “Qvod Player” Case has vividly confirmed the actual judicial demand for punishing network one-sided accomplice.     

从“阿云之狱”看宋代刑法中的自首制度

检视"阿云之狱"所引发的关于宋代刑法中的自首制度,比较古今刑法中的自首和坦白制度以及相关规定.旨在把握自首制度的历史渊源和传承脉络,以期当今的刑法制度臻于完善.