美国刑法共谋者替代责任规则之演进述评

共谋者是否对共同共谋者实行的实体犯罪承担替代责任,美国刑法以平克顿案为分水岭,经历否定论→基本肯定论→实质限定论的演变历程。类型弱化标准是可合理预见性标准的重述,可能无法确保对平克顿规则的严格限制。事实弱化标准或超出轻微参与标准,更有利于限制共谋者替代责任的适用范围,将轻微参与共谋而与实体犯罪的实行存在弱化关系的共谋者排除在替代责任的适用范围之外。事实弱化或超出轻微参与标准,对我国处理类似案件具有借鉴意义。     

论片面共犯的成立依据

片面共犯能否成立,是刑法理论中争议较大的一个问题.本文以共同犯罪主客观相统一理论为基础,从司法实践的实际需要和共同犯罪构成要件两个方面对这一问题进行了理论联系实际的研究,认为片面共犯是能够成立的.     

The impact of fentanyl on DUIDs and traffic fatalities: Blood and oral fluid data

Fentanyl has emerged as the most prolific drug in the ongoing opioid epidemic and has greatly impacted traffic safety in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate fentanyl prevalence and concentrations in blood and oral fluid in driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) cases in three different regions (i.e., Alabama, Orange County, CA, and Houston, TX) from 2017 to 2022. Furthermore, traffic fatalities were evaluated for Alabama and Orange County, CA. Fentanyl positivity in DUID and traffic fatalities increased for most years in this study. In Alabama, the prevalence of fentanyl DUID cases increased 4-fold in 2022 compared to 2017. Orange County's increase from 2017 to 2022 was 14-fold. In Houston, the increase was approximately 2-fold from 2019 to 2022. The greatest increase for all laboratories coincided with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the median fentanyl DUID blood concentrations were 4.7, 11, and 4.7 ng/mL in Alabama, Orange County, and Houston, respectively. Most fentanyl cases were polydrug cases (≥90%). Methamphetamine, THC, and alprazolam were the most frequently detected drugs in combination with fentanyl. Alabama has collected oral fluid and blood in DUID cases since 2018. The detection of fentanyl in oral fluid was comparable to blood. However, 59% and 8.7% of fentanyl-positive cases had concentrations of >20 ng/mL in oral fluid and blood, respectively. Therefore, oral fluid as an alternative or supplemental specimen to blood is an attractive approach for fentanyl in DUID cases. This study contributes to understanding recent fentanyl trends and their impact on traffic safety.     

Vertical Lip Position and Thickness in Facial Reconstruction: A Validation of Commonly Used Methods for Predicting the Position and Size of Lips

This study examined several methods used to estimate oral fissure position, lip margin position, and lip thickness recommended by Angel, George, Lebedinskaya, Taylor, Wilkinson et al., Balueva and Veselovskaya. A sample of 86 lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from central Europe were measured and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. The best estimation for oral fissure position was “opposite the lower ¾ mark of maxillary incisors” (error of 1.3 mm). Upper lip margin was predicted best by “upper ¼ mark of maxillary incisors” (error of 1.7 mm), and lower lip margin by “cementum‐enamel junction of mandibular incisors” (error of 2.3 mm). The regression equations of Wilkinson et al. displayed least error (1.3 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively) for upper and lower lip thickness, and method of George (error of 3.4 mm) for total lip thickness.     

任务型教学法在警务英语口语教学中的应用

基于公安部公安院校招录培养体制改革对人才培养提出的特殊要求及体改生英语成绩的差异性和学时的有限性,警务英语口语教学采用任务型教学法,旨在让学生在完成任务过程中提高警务口语学习的动机和兴趣,进而增强学生的综合素质。     

论我国侦讯取证的现状与制度完善

侦讯取证与人权保障是案侦活动的两个方面,但它们不是均衡发展的。维护人权观念的崇高,不能也不应掩盖打击犯罪在先的事实真相。侦讯活动与限制人身自由是同步的。考察我国的未决羁押与律师会见,如实供述与不自证其罪,相对的默示沉默权,辩护取证的显形化与规则化,律师在场权与全程同步录音录像,口供自愿性的证明能力,司法甄别、排除和认定口供的复杂性等问题。回答如何处理证据的法律真实和客观真实、形式真实和实质合理,取证打击犯罪与保护人权的关系。它们在侦讯取证制度的完善中,需有相应的配套举措。     

高职高专实用英语口语教学研究

培养学生的英语应用能力是教育部高教司对高职高专教育英语教学的战略定位。本文分析了高职高专学生英语口语能力现状与《基本要求》教学目的之间存在的差距及产生这一差距的原因,并提出应从教、学、考三个方面来提高高职高专学生的英语口语能力。     

国外虚假自白研究的进展

虚假自白是司法心理学研究的重要内容。近十几年来西方虚假自白的研究得到很快的发展。国外虚假自白的分类、实验室中的虚假自白、产生虚假自白的影响因素等方面的研究成果对我国有借鉴意义。了解这些虚假自白的研究进展,借鉴其研究方法和成果,对我国司法心理学的研究有推动促进作用。     

关于“刑讯逼供”的逻辑考量

刑讯逼供是指司法工作人员对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人采用肉刑或者变相肉刑逼取口供的行为。尽管刑讯逼供为我国现行法律所禁止,可仍有个别侦查人员捧着有罪推定这个法宝不放,最终酿成冤案,不仅践踏了法律的公正与尊严,而且损害了司法机关的形象,积累了社会的负能量。刑讯逼供久禁不绝,除了法律制度、思想观念和社会等原因外,还有被忽略的更高层次的原因——逻辑原因。法律规定是逻辑要求的具体体现;刑讯逼供不仅违反有关法律的规定,更是违反了逻辑的要求;侦查人员只有增强法律意识,提高逻辑思维能力,才能摒弃刑讯逼供,杜绝冤案的发生。     

共同犯罪中身份因素之探微

身份因素在共同犯罪的法律规定中前后存在矛盾,判断标准不一,现行法律、司法解释在司法实践中有较大的分歧,存在违反罪刑相适应原则的嫌疑;共同犯罪中共同的标准亦即共同犯罪的本质是犯罪共同说是妥当的,但共同之程度还有待刑法解释的进一步完善;大陆法系中所称之身份犯排除犯罪支配理论,而改用义务犯理论,无身份者不能成为有身份者之正犯,却可以成为有身份者之共犯;认定身份犯在共同犯罪中所起的作用依然不能脱离共同犯罪的本质,义务是确定身份犯在共同犯罪中所处地位之唯一标准。