Getting Rid of Dichotomous Sex Estimations: Why Logistic Regression Should be Preferred Over Discriminant Function Analysis

Sex estimation is an important part of creating a biological profile for skeletal remains in forensics. The commonly used methods for developing sex estimation equations are discriminant function analysis (DFA) and logistic regression (LogR). LogR equations provide a probability of the predicted sex, while DFA relies on cutoff points to segregate males and females, resulting in a rigid dichotomization of the sexes. This is problematic because sexual dimorphism exists along a continuum and there can be considerable overlap in trait expression between the sexes. In this study, we used humeral measurements to compare the performance of DFA and LogR and found them to be very similar under multiple conditions. The overall cross-validated (leave-one-out) accuracy of DFA (75.76–95.14%) was slightly higher than LogR (75.76–93.82%) for simple and multiple variable equations, and also performed better under varying sample sizes (94.03% vs. 93.78%). Three of five DFA equations outperformed LogR under the B index, while all five LogR equations outperformed the DFA equations under the Q index. Both methods saw an improvement in overall accuracy (DFA: 86.74–95.79%; LogR: 86.74–95.76%) when individuals with a classification probability lower than 0.80 were excluded. Additionally, we propose a method for calculating additional cutoff points (PMarks) based on posterior probability values. In conclusion, we recommend using LogR over DFA due to the increased flexibility, robusticity, and benefits for future users of the statistical models; however, if DFA is preferred, use of the proposed PMarks facilitates future analysis while avoiding unnecessary dichotomization.     

刑事司法一体化视野下之侦查功能研究

就侦查基础理论而言,侦查功能是不可或缺的一个组成部分。刑事司法一体化的理论基础是系统论。由于犯罪行为与社会越轨行为之间存在着互动的关系,刑事制裁法律体系以及行政制裁法律体系的具体适用也要视具体情况而定,因此,侦查活动的结果直接决定了制裁系统的选择及刑事司法系统后续环节的启动与否,也决定了整个刑事司法系统的运作效果。     

相似行为的证据功能探析

英、美等国家对相似行为作为证据使用持谨慎的态度,只有在符合一定条件下,相似行为才可作为证据使用。相似行为作为证据使用的积极功能是有利于打击犯罪,消极功能是容易造成冤假错案。在构建我国相似行为作为证据的规则时,应附加限制性条件。附加限制性条件须以打击犯罪和保障人权之间平衡为根据,以期使相似行为作为证据的积极功能得到发挥,消极功能得到抑制。     

省级以下检察机关垂直管理体制研究

我国现行检察管理体制存在泛行政化、地方化、非规范化等问题,不利于检察权的有效行使和检察队伍的职业化.因此,应当立足于我国国情,改革省级以下检察机关的管理体制,实行省级以下检察机关的垂直管理.     

广州沙湾飘色艺术及旅游开发对策浅析

沙湾飘色是南国传统民间艺术的一枝奇葩,具有极高的欣赏价值、浓郁的地域色彩,深受当地人民的喜爱.文中就沙湾飘色的艺术魅力、历史背景、区域特征、社会功能、旅游开发等问题进行了初步的探讨.     

浅析军事法院的角色定位——以民事案件的管辖权为视角

军事法院试行审理军内民事案件,引发了一些争议。从军事法院的职能看,军事法院审理军内民事案件是可行的。但是,不宜将审理军内民事案件作为军事法院的主要职能。为了突出专门法院的特点,有必要对军事法院的角色进行重新定位,以实现司法资源的优化配置。建议将军事法院现有的一般审判职能向地方人民法院转移。具体而言,在平时,或者撤销军事法院,将其现有审判职能完全转移至地方人民法院;或者军事法院专属管辖军事行政诉讼案件。     

西南地区在全国禁毒斗争中的战略地位和作用

几十年的禁毒实践证明,在全国禁毒人民战争中,西南地区是禁毒的主阵地。其特殊的地理位置确立了它在禁毒斗争中重要的战略地位,是毒品渗透与反渗透的“兵家”必争之地,是中国实施“无国界”禁毒行动的发源地和示范地。因此,在禁毒工作中,西南地区无疑应起到禁毒主力军作用,堵截“毒品通道”的壁垒作用,勇于开拓、创新、敢为人先、率先实践的作用,以为全球禁毒做出积极贡献．     

Attachment, Emotional Regulation, and the Function of Marital Violence: Differences Between Secure, Preoccupied, and Dismissing Violent and Nonviolent Husbands

The purpose of this study was to investigate behavioral differences among nonviolent, unhappily married husbands and violent husbands with different attachment classifications on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; Main and Goldwyn, 1994). Twenty-three Domestically Violent (DV) husbands and 13 maritally distressed but non-violent (DNV) husbands were interviewed using the AAI. Violent husbands (74%) were more likely than the distressed/nonviolent husbands (38%) to be classified into one of the insecure categories on the AAI. As predicted, during laboratory arguments with their wives, dismissing husbands were the most controlling and distancing, and preoccupied husbands the least distancing, during marital interactions. Secure husbands were significantly more defensive than the two insecure types. Sequential analyses of reports of violent arguments at home revealed different patterns among different types of batterers. For the preoccupied batterers only, wife withdrawal was a significant predictor of husband violence. For the dismissing batterer only, wife defensiveness was a significant precursor to husband violence. It is theorized that preoccupied batterers' violence and emotional abuse is related to expressive violence in response to abandonment fears; whereas dismissing batterers use instrumental violence to assert their authority and to control their wives. The overlap between this and other typologies of violent men is explored.Deceased     

系统论视野中的有组织犯罪

本文认为,基于有组织犯罪的“组织性”特质,在有组织犯罪的理论研究中注入系统论的研究方法显得异常迫切和必要。文章从系统本体论的角度出发,对有组织罪系统的要素、结构和功能作了详尽的分析,并在此基础上,从系统认识论的角度提出了破除有组织犯罪系统的基本策略。     

夫妻财产制若干重大问题思考

本文以对我国内地居民夫妻财产关系调查数据为依据 ,论证了生产力发展水平、所有制度、家庭职能和传统文化是影响夫妻财产制立法的四大因素 ,提出应赋予法定财产制与约定财产制以同样的法律地位