Radical formalism

The question of formalism often gives rise to well-rehearsed notions of political indifference, autonomy, and ahistoricity. Yet what if a radical formalism was deployed––against these normative understandings––as a contextual practice and subversive method of critique? Mobilized into action, “Radical Formalism” proposes that institutionalized understandings of form may be hijacked from within as an alternative strategy of resistance. Examining the work of Charlotte Poseneske as one practitioner of radical formalism, this essay offers ways of considering formalist art objects as carriers of the political. By welcoming contextual readings of form, we move past the superficial and facile readings of the relation between aesthetics and politics, enabling ourselves to understand what form can perform.     

试论刑事案件的结构

刑事案件也是一个结构,这种结构是由刑事案件的若干内部要素按照一定的规律、特点组成的,并能体现各组成部分之间的相互关系和排列状况。从侦查破案的角度,研究刑事案件基本结构理论,掌握侦查破案的基本规律．对于指导侦查实践,提高侦查破案的效率和质量具有重要意义。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定野生和栽培宁前胡中挥发油成分

目的 采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS）分析不同生长条件下宁前胡中挥发油成分,研究野生和栽培宁前胡挥发油成分含量及种类的区别。方法 以安徽省宁国市中溪镇野生和栽培宁前胡、宁国市万家乡镇栽培宁前胡、宁国市栽培宁前胡（统货）为样品,采用《中华人民共和国药典》一部甲法提取挥发油,GC-MS分析挥发油化学成分,归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果 宁国市中溪镇野生宁前胡总挥发油含量为98.58%,栽培宁前胡总挥发油含量为93.48%;万家乡栽培宁前胡总挥发油含量为99.50%;宁国市栽培宁前胡（统货）总挥发油含量为95.89%。宁前胡挥发油中共鉴定出78个成分,烯烃类为主要化学成分,不同生长条件下宁前胡中烯烃类含量分别为野生宁前胡65.26%,中溪镇栽培宁前胡89.88%,万家乡栽培宁前胡62.08%,栽培宁前胡（统货）66.11%;所有烯烃类成分中,α-蒎烯的含量均最高。结论 野生和栽培宁前胡中挥发油成分差异较大,可以通过闻“气”辨别野生前胡与栽培前胡。     

独活药材香豆素类成分的高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立独活中香豆素类成分的高效液相色谱指纹图谱分析方法,为独活药材的质量控制提供依据。方法 采用C18 色谱柱（4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm）,以水-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.2 mL/min,柱温25 ℃,检测波长330 nm。结果 建立了独活药材香豆素类成分的高效液相色谱特征指纹图,标定了15个共有色谱峰,采用相似度评价、聚类分析、主成分分析对所收集的15批样品进行指纹图谱模式识别研究,对6个共有峰借助对照品进行了指认,采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-质谱技术并结合文献报道对其余9个共有峰进行了初步归属。15批独活药材的相似度结果为0.797～0.979。运用聚类分析,15批独活药材可大致聚成5类。结论 该法所建立的独活药材香豆素类成分指纹图谱特征性强,为该药材的质量控制提供了实验依据。     

桃红四物汤中6种指标性成分的含量测定

目的 建立超高效液相色谱法同时测定桃红四物汤中6种指标性成分（羟基红花黄色素A、苦杏仁苷、芍药苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、藁本内酯）的含量。方法 采用Agilent Technologies 1290 Infinity超高效液相色谱系统、DAD检测器。色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm）,流动相A为0.05%乙酸水（含7.84 mmol/L乙酸铵）,B为甲醇溶液,采用梯度洗脱程序和多波长融合检测方法,流速0.2 μL/min,进样量2 μL,柱温25 ℃。结果 6种指标性成分的线性、分离度、稳定性、重复性与精密度良好;该方法能够快速、稳定地定量羟基红花黄色素A、苦杏仁苷、芍药苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、藁本内酯。结论 该方法稳定、可靠、重复性高,可适用于桃红四物汤的质量控制。     

构树皮总黄酮提取及抗菌活性研究

目的 提取构树皮有效的抑菌活性部位。方法 采用正交试验法优化构树皮黄酮最佳超声提取工艺,并采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂富集构树皮总黄酮提取物活性部位,用平皿药基法比较不同部位的抑菌效果。结果 构树皮总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：以10倍体积的70%乙醇为溶剂,超声提取20 min,功率300 W。经AB-8大孔吸附树脂富集分离后,70%乙醇洗脱部位对浅部真菌红色毛癣菌和白色念珠菌均有良好的抑制作用。结论 所采用的工艺操作简单、耗能低、总黄酮提取率高,抑菌作用强。     

基于聚类分析和主成分分析评价不同产地荆芥药材质量

目的 基于指纹图谱、聚类分析与主成分分析方法为不同产地荆芥药材质量控制提供参考。方法 利用高效液相色谱法对荆芥药材进行质量分析,所获数据用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统构建荆芥药材的指纹图谱,并应用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析,综合评价不同产地荆芥药材的质量。色谱柱为 SinoChrom ODS -BP（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长：283 nm;流速：1.0 mL/min;柱温：30 ℃;进样量：20 μL。结果 荆芥药材高效液相色谱指纹图谱28个峰确定为共有峰,除河南鹿邑、四川自贡的样品相似度低于0.9外,其他的21批荆芥药材的相似度为0.930~0.982。聚类分析结果表明,荆芥药材可被分为亳州荆芥与四川、河南、河北等其他产地荆芥两大类。主成分分析结果表明,前6个主成分的累计贡献率达到88.247%,选择这6个因子可对不同产地荆芥药材进行综合分析。结论 根据最终的综合得分结果可知,安徽、河北产荆芥药材质量相对较好。     

浅议犯罪情境的构成

在犯罪学的研究中，对于犯罪情境的基本含义，学界已经取得了基本一致的认同。对于犯罪情境的构成，基于日常活动理论、“个体——情境”交互作用理论、死角理论、六要素说和三要素说等不同的理论预设，又可以分为不同的构造理论，通过对比分析，可以发现各种构成理论存在交叉和包容。确定一种更具现实意义的犯罪情境构成模式，应该结合我国犯罪控制的制度基础和现实做法，以求为实务操作中的犯罪控制提供理论基础。     

Principal component analysis and analysis of variance on the effects of Entellan New on the Raman spectra of fibers

During the forensic examination of textile fibers, fibers are usually mounted on glass slides for visual inspection and identification under the microscope. One method that has the capability to accurately identify single textile fibers without subsequent demounting is Raman microspectroscopy. The effect of the mountant Entellan New on the Raman spectra of fibers was investigated to determine if it is suitable for fiber analysis. Raman spectra of synthetic fibers mounted in three different ways were collected and subjected to multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis score plots revealed that while spectra from different fiber classes formed distinct groups, fibers of the same class formed a single group regardless of the mounting method. The spectra of bare fibers and those mounted in Entellan New were found to be statistically indistinguishable by analysis of variance calculations. These results demonstrate that fibers mounted in Entellan New may be identified directly by Raman microspectroscopy without further sample preparation.     

A Study on China's OFDI influencing Factors and the Dynamic Effect of Economic Growth: Based on Principal Component Analysis and VAR Model

This paper selects the influence factors and economic growth effect of OFDI as a starting point, using China’s OFDI and related data, building VAR model, with a principal component analysis, co-integration test, impulse response and Grainger test method to explore the impact factors and the economic growth effect of China’s OFDI. The results show that the basic economic factors, investment environment factors and operating cost factors are the main factors affecting the development of China’s OFDI. At the same time, China’s OFDI and economic growth maintain a positive equilibrium relationship in the long term. In the short term, the economic growth effect of China’s OFDI is still weak, requires further development to better serve the economic restructuring and economic growth.