闽东南沿海地区绑架犯罪活动的发展及其国际化趋势

绑架案件近五年来在闽东南沿海地区大量频繁地发生,成为世纪末对闽东南沿海地区社会治安危害最为严重的罪种之一.九十年代中期,绑架犯罪活动呈爆炸式地在闽东南沿海地区蔓延,案件增幅之快出乎有关部门意料.与此同时,偷越国(边)境犯罪案件也急剧上各,吸毒人数大量增加,民间债务纠纷矛盾加剧,这些都成为绑架犯罪活动的推波助澜的因素.绑架案件的大量出现,严重威胁闽东南沿海地区社会治安和投资环境.1998年以来,绑架犯罪活动得到控制.但2000年以来,部分沿海地区偷越国(边)境活动又大幅反弹,第二次偷越国(边)境高峰正在形成,跨国绑架活动可能再次升温.由于绑架案件尤其是跨国绑架案的受害人报案率低,实际绑架犯罪情况可能更为严重,因此,我国有关部门以及有关国家之间,应加强合作,采取有力措施,预防绑架犯罪活动的进一步蔓延.     

LPG汽车的市场地位与前景

在汽车能源结构改变及环境保护的双重作用推动下 ,2 1世纪 L PG(石油液化气 )被确定为汽车的主要燃料。使用清洁燃料的汽车 (被称之为“绿色汽车”)可改善汽车对城市大气环境的污染 ,本文论述了 LPG汽车的市场地位与前景     

隐居制度论

日本历史上曾经模仿吸收了许多中国的制度与文化,又对其加以改造,以适应本国国情的发展,隐居就是其中之一。隐居指家长在老龄或因病等情况下,在生前将家长权让渡给继承人,从家长的地位上引退的行为。这种制度在近代社会被法制化,进而演化成一种民俗。尽管这种制度带有浓厚的封建色彩,但它否定家长的“终身制”,使家长与家长权受到制约,有利于实现家族的长久延续和事业兴旺。     

溯源求本道“权利”

“权利”一词,一直为我国民法学界误解为来自日本。其实,即使现代意义上的“权利”,也是我国首创,尔后为日本发扬广大,又为我们所引进的“回归词”。对于权利的本质,学说史上虽有富有洞见的各种学说,但均持抽象论。其实权利乃是法律人用以描述这个世界、认识这个世界、表达这个世界、改造这个世界的法律技术工具。     

从古代公案小说管窥中国古典能动司法——兼论其对中国当代司法的启示

中国古代司法为典型的能动司法，与近现代西方语境下的能动司法相比，此种能动司法显然与宪政无关，就其体现、旨趣乃至成因而言，均呈现出独特一面，比如，这种能动司法追求司法的法律效果与社会效果的统一，注重司法促进社会秩序和谐的功用。这种能动司法对近现代中国的司法尚有着诸多的显性或隐性的影响，适逢当代司法界大力提倡能动司法之时，厘清这种能动司法的优劣之处，无疑具有重要的启示意义。本文拟以古代公案小说为主要考察文本来探讨中国古典能动司法。     

试析非法侵入计算机信息系统罪

非法侵入计算机信息系统罪是指非法侵入法定的国家重要领域的计算机信息系统的行为。分析了该罪的构成特征,探讨了对该罪认定中的一些问题,从立法完善的角度,认为应适当扩大本罪的对象范围。     

Statistical Discrimination of Footwear: A Method for the Comparison of Accidentals on Shoe Outsoles Inspired by Facial Recognition Techniques

Abstract:  In the field of forensic footwear examination, it is a widely held belief that patterns of accidental marks found on footwear and footwear impressions possess a high degree of "uniqueness." This belief, however, has not been thoroughly studied in a numerical way using controlled experiments. As a result, this form of valuable physical evidence has been the subject of admissibility challenges. In this study, we apply statistical techniques used in facial pattern recognition, to a minimal set of information gleaned from accidental patterns. That is, in order to maximize the amount of potential similarity between patterns, we only use the coordinate locations of accidental marks (on the top portion of a footwear impression) to characterize the entire pattern. This allows us to numerically gauge how similar two patterns are to one another in a worst-case scenario, i.e., in the absence of a tremendous amount of information normally available to the footwear examiner such as accidental mark size and shape. The patterns were recorded from the top portion of the shoe soles (i.e., not the heel) of five shoe pairs. All shoes were the same make and model and all were worn by the same person for a period of 30 days. We found that in 20–30 dimensional principal component (PC) space (99.5% variance retained), patterns from the same shoe, even at different points in time, tended to cluster closer to each other than patterns from different shoes. Correct shoe identification rates using maximum likelihood linear classification analysis and the hold-one-out procedure ranged from 81% to 100%. Although low in variance, three-dimensional PC plots were made and generally corroborated the findings in the much higher dimensional PC-space. This study is intended to be a starting point for future research to build statistical models on the formation and evolution of accidental patterns.     

错配引物诱导酶切技术检测GC多态性

目的探讨建立检测GC点突变rs7041的引物错配诱导酶切技术（mismatch primer-induced RFLP,MPIR）及应用价值。方法针对GC基因点突变（NCBI Reference SNP ID：rs7401）,设计错配引物进行PCR扩增,引物错配碱基结合GC点突变诱导XhoI酶切,产生GC-rs7041片断长度多态性,并调查183例温州汉族无关群体GC-rs7401多态性。结果引物错配诱导酶切技术对GC-rs7041亚型的3种基因型分型明确。温州地区汉族人群GC-rs7041 T/G基因频率分别为0.787和0.213,基因型频率分别为T/T0.685、T/G 0.284和G/G 0.071,Ho（0.284）、He（0.337）、PIC（0.279）、DP（0.502）、PE（0.140）,基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。结论成功建立引物错配诱导酶切技术检测GC-rs7041单核苷酸多态性,该位点多态性有实际应用价值。     

Source Determination of Red Gel Pen Inks using Raman Spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy combined with Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficients and Principal Component Analysis

The potential combination of two nondestructive techniques, that is, Raman spectroscopy (RS) and attenuated total reflectance–fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy with Pearson's product moment correlation (PPMC) coefficient (r) and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the actual source of red gel pen ink used to write a simulated threatening note, was examined. Eighteen (18) red gel pens purchased from Japan and Malaysia from November to December 2014 where one of the pens was used to write a simulated threatening note were analyzed using RS and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. The spectra of all the red gel pen inks including the ink deposited on the simulated threatening note gathered from the RS and ATR‐FTIR analyses were subjected to PPMC coefficient (r) calculation and principal component analysis (PCA). The coefficients r = 0.9985 and r = 0.9912 for pairwise combination of RS and ATR‐FTIR spectra respectively and similarities in terms of PC1 and PC2 scores of one of the inks to the ink deposited on the simulated threatening note substantiated the feasibility of combining RS and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy with PPMC coefficient (r) and PCA for successful source determination of red gel pen inks. The development of pigment spectral library had allowed the ink deposited on the threatening note to be identified as XSL Poppy Red (CI Pigment Red 112).     

Profiling the scent of weathered training aids for blood-detection dogs

At outdoor crime scenes, cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs may be tasked with locating blood that is days, weeks or months old. Although it is known that the odour profile of blood will change during this time, it is currently unknown how the profile changes when exposed to the environment. Such variables must be studied in order to understand when the odour profile is no longer detectable by the scent-detection dogs and other crime scene tools should be implemented. In this study, blood was deposited onto concrete and varnished wood surfaces and weathered in an outdoor environment over a three-month period. Headspace samples were collected using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). The chemical odour profiles were compared with the behavioural responses of cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs during training. Data interpretation using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) established that the blood odour could no longer be detected using SPME–GC×GC–TOFMS after two months of weathering on both surfaces. Conversely, the blood-detection dogs had difficulty locating the blood samples after one month of weathering on concrete and after one week of weathering on varnished wood. The scent-detection dogs evaluated herein had not been previously exposed to environmentally weathered blood samples during training. Given that this study was conducted to test the dogs' baseline abilities, it is expected that with repeated exposure, the dogs' capabilities would likely improve. The knowledge gained from this study can assist in providing law enforcement with more accurate training aids for blood-detection dogs and can improve their efficiency when deployed to outdoor crime scenes.