UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION: AN ACTOR‐NETWORK PERSPECTIVE

Development projects are central to international development, yet the actual practice of their implementation is under‐researched. In particular, we know little about how practice affects project performance and about how politics is enacted within such projects. This paper investigates these knowledge gaps through analysis, using actor‐network theory (ANT), of a donor‐funded reform project in the Sri Lankan public sector. By analysing, using mobilisation, interaction and disintegration of the local and global actor‐networks that typically surround such development projects, the paper explains the project's trajectory. These actions represent the practice of politics that must, in turn, be understood in relation to network actor power: not through a static conception of ‘capacitive power’ but through the dynamic enacted concept of ‘associative power’. The paper concludes by reflecting on the contribution and limitations of ANT's local/global networks component in analysing development projects, and in providing insights for development project practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

诈术的双重视角分析

在诈骗罪中,被害人之所以上当受骗,源于行为人使用了诈术。1诈术即欺瞒,表现为行为人与被害人之间的一个互动过程。对于诈术的判断,需要结合行为人、被害人两个维度进行分析。从行为人方面看行为人的行为是否具有危害性,从被害人角度看被害人是否需要刑法来保护。只有从这两个方面考察都能得出肯定结论的,才是诈术,才能成立诈骗罪。结合两个维度来判断是否成立诈术的方法,可以为区分诈骗犯罪行为与民事欺诈行为提供思路。     

外交承认的旧模式和新趋势

承认是外交、国际关系、国际法领域里一个古老的概念。在国际关系领域,承认一直被视作国家交往的前提条件,是否给予承认也因此成了一种政治资源。随着非国家行为体越来越多地参与国际社会进程,外交承认的原则已经在包容性和排他性两个极端之间发生重大的变化,欧盟的对外行为最能反映外交承认的新特征。但欧洲的创新没有取代传统外交,而只是增加了新层面。从长远来看,NGO和其他行为体参与国际社会对外交承认标准提出了挑战。     

Leaderless Resistance and the Loneliness of Lone Wolves: Exploring the Rhetorical Dynamics of Lone Actor Violence

“Leaderless resistance” and “lone wolf terrorism” are concepts that have steadily gained importance in the study of oppositional subcultures and terrorist groups, being used to describe the operational realities of a variety of terrorisms, from groups like Al Qaeda to Anders Breivik. In this article, I seek to describe leaderless resistance as a rhetorical construct, a meaning-conferring “ideology of effervescence” that lifts the spirits of both movement progenitors who advocate the strategy as well as incipient lone wolves who consider responding to their exhortations. Through an examination of the case of Wiebo Ludwig and the EnCana pipeline bombings of 2008–2009, I show how these rhetorics emerge in the interactions between activists and their political enemies. With this conception, we can (a) understand more fully the discursive/rhetorical dynamics involved in asymmetrical struggle, (b) problematize the acceptance of the organizational reality of leaderless resistance in the terrorism literature, and (c) question the assertion of some terrorism scholarship that refers to leaderless resistance and other ideologies of effervescence as hallmarks of the “new terrorism.”     

制度与行为者之间的关系－－印第安纳学派的新制度主义

本以制度与行为之间的关系为主，对在社会科学领域影响甚大的新制度主义中各学派的主要理论观点进行了梳理，并在此基础上，着重介绍了印第安纳学派的有关理论，该理论对于制度与行为之间的关系的认识颇具洞见，有助于科学地分析社会现象。     

技术社会学研究的兴起与现状

早期的技术史家以及科学社会学家从技术的外部宽泛地讨论技术与社会的关系，强调把技术作为一种社会现象，从社会的角度来解释人类的技术活动，其研究成果为技术社会学的形成奠定了必要的基础。20世纪80年代，在S偈研究出现“技术转向”的背景下，一批研究突破了技术与社会的边界，将“技术一社会”视为一个整体化型式，从技术的内部考察技术的社会特征，从而形成技术社会学的三种主要经验研究纲领。进入90年代以后，原有的研究纲领继续得到发展，同时，由于人类学家、化研究等介入技术的社会研究，技术社会学开始演变成一个多元化的跨学科研究领域。     

Turkish foreign policy in the post-Arab Spring era: from proactive to buffer state

Our globalising world is presently in a state of global turmoil. Risk, uncertainty, and insecurity are the terms that shape global/regional/national/local affairs and developments. The refugee crisis and the war against ISIL constitute the twin crises creating seismic impacts and consequences that in turn escalate risk and turmoil. Turkey is situated at the heart of these two crises, being very much affected by them and, therefore, perceived as a pivotal actor in the way in which the West is dealing with them. Yet, the West’s current instrumentalist and functionalist approach to Turkey as a buffer state designed to contain these two crises in the MENA does not offer an effective and sustainable solution to these crises, much less provide the stability and order that is direly needed in regional and global affairs.     

间接正犯概念及其成立范围的比较研究

在德日刑法学界及台湾地区学界,关于间接正犯的概念及其成立范围的问题存在诸多论述与争议。借用德日间接正犯概念的大陆刑法学界,对此问题的研究稍显薄弱。间接正犯需要理论上的重新审视与结构分析,以求得对于该理论的正确认知,从而明确其在现有刑法体系中的适当位置与理论定位,最终澄清间接正犯理论概念的来龙去脉、存与不存之根基。     

John Locke,the state of nature and terrorism

This paper examines John Locke's political theory in order to see if it can offer any important insights into how to deal with international terrorism. The paper begins by outlining the central aspects of Locke's social contract theory and the way that Locke thinks that it is mirrored in international relations. A general definition of ‘state of nature’ and ‘legitimate common authority’ is offered that is then applied to both civil conflict and international terrorism. The situation that nation-states find themselves in with respect to international terrorist organisations is then analysed in terms of these concepts. The United Nations and the European Union are then examined in order to see if they fulfil the criteria of legitimate common authority necessary to deal with international terrorism in a just and unbiased manner.     

Institutional Ableism,Critical Actors and the Substantive Representation of Disabled People: Evidence from the UK Parliament 1940–2012

This study is concerned with the substantive representation of disabled people (SRDP) in legislative settings; in other words, addressing disabled people's needs and concerns in policy and lawmaking. Mixed methods analysis of post-1940 Acts of the UK Parliament, backbench MPs' use of early day motions (EDMs) and written parliamentary questions (WPQs) reveals long-standing institutional ableism. This is the situation whereby systemic practices disadvantage individuals based on their abilities. Inter alia, the findings show that although recent years have seen some progress, there remain significant party differences in the prioritisation of the SRDP – with gains largely dependent on the parties of the left, as evidenced in the data on lawmaking, and use of EDMs and WPQs. Importantly, the findings also support recent theorising on ‘claims-making’ by revealing the pivotal role played by ‘critical actors'. These are parliamentarians (disabled and, crucially, non-disabled) who, compared with their peers, are disproportionately influential in promoting the SRDP.