对青少年网络道德失范现状的探析

社会的快速发展,不可避免地出现各种社会问题。青少年在现实生活中遇到问题时,往往会在网络虚拟社会中获得慰籍和释放,由于虚拟社会匿名性及虚拟性的现象,使得网络道德水平下降。文章针对网络道德问题的出现,提出相应的对策。     

Abusive Males and Abused Females in Adolescent Relationships: Risk Factor Similarity and Dissimilarity and the Role of Relationship Seriousness

This study examines male-to-female physical abuse within adolescent relationships. Analyses use data describing 603 opposite sex relationships reported during Wave II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) matched with data on the individual characteristics of both the reporting females and their male partners from Wave I. In addition to the occurrence of physical abuse, relationship data included information on the seriousness of the relationships. Female and male participants' scores on 14 individual-level variables were used to predict abuse. The first set of analysis found that male-to-female abuse was predicted by 6 individual characteristics of males and 6 individual characteristics of females. Only one of these characteristics, grade point average (GPA), was a significant predictor of the occurrence of male-to-female abuse for both male and female relationship participants. The other characteristics were each only predictive for either males—Verbal IQ, Fighting, Attitudes About Sex and Relationships, and Past Sexual Behavior, or females—Mother Relationship, School Attachment, Drinking Behaviors, and Depression. Analyses also revealed that associations between different individual-level characteristics and relationship abuse were dependant on relationship seriousness. These findings suggest that relationship seriousness, which did not itself predict abuse, may act as a catalyst for the influence of some individual-level characteristics on the occurrence of abuse in relationships.     

浅谈当代青少年的生命意识与生命教育

近年来，青少年自杀事件不时现身媒体。关注生命，进行生命教育便成为以人为本的中国教育的必然诉求，在青少年群体中开展生命教育具有重要的意义。本文以当前青少年的生命特点与生命困境为切入点，分析了当前青少年生命意识薄弱的原因，并提出了进行生命教育的几点措施。     

At the end of a fairy tale: romantic relationships in female juvenile offenders

This study explores romantic relationships among female juvenile offenders. The entire female population of a juvenile detention center at the moment of the study participated in a semi-structured interview. Using a semi-structured interview, the girls answered questions on four main topics: (a) available dating partners before entering the detention center; (b) dating partner preferences; (c) intimate relationships within the center; and (d) romantic relationships. A 34-item scale was also used to assess their dating partner preferences. Most girls depicted dysfunctional families and a reduced range of dating options, many involving male offenders. Most participants had also been precocious in their relationships and experienced victimization at the hands of their intimate partners. Implications to prevent female involvement with criminal and violent men are discussed.     

论青少年社会工作对促进青少年发展的意义——基于实现《中长期青年发展规划(2016—2025年)》的视角

青少年是国家的未来,青少年的发展影响未来国家的发展。因此,青少年社会工作的发展对青少年、社会和一个国家的长远发展及穗定十分重要。本文介绍了《规划》出台的背景:总结了西方国家和中国青少年社会工作的发展历史:介绍了青少年社会工作是促进青少年发展的一种重要工作机制;从青少年事务社会工作的指导思想、理论建设、制度化进程、主要领域、专业队伍建设来全面理解《规划》中关于青少年社会工作的思想;以及通过坚持党的领导、关注青少年学生身心健康,构建“两工一心”服务体系、维护青少年合法权益、青少年犯罪的预防与矫治、青少年社会工作与青少年志愿服务的相互配合这五个方面开展工作,来有效促进青少年发展。     

河南省安阳市6-15周岁汉族人牙龄的研究

目的建立利用牙齿钙化程度推断未成年人年龄的方法。方法选取河南省安阳市1575名（男性900名,女性675名）6～15周岁人群的全口曲面断层影像片,依照牙齿钙化分级标准对下颌恒牙钙化程度进行评分分级;所得数据经SPSS13．0软件统计分析,建立根据牙齿钙化程度推断年龄的方程;采用拟合优度检验、模型方差分析、回归系数检验和共线性诊断、残差分析对方程的合理性进行检验及盲测。结果下颌同名牙间钙化分级评分值无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,而下颌同名牙性别间钙化评分值在部分年龄组存在差异（P〈0．05）;下颌恒牙的钙化程度与年龄相关系数r均大于0．7;所建方程模型调整决定系数均大于0．8,估计值标准误男性为0．92岁至1．04岁、女性为0．92岁至1．00岁;推测年龄与真实年龄的平均误差男性为0．433±0．288岁、女性为0．502±0．297岁。结论本研究建立的方法在推断相关地区、相关年龄段人群的年龄推断中有较好的应用前景。     

Fatal traffic injuries among children and adolescents in three cities (capital Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn)

Motor vehicle accidental injuries are a frequent cause of death among young children and adolescents. The goal of this study was to compare patterns of injury between three capitals (Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn). Information on 190 fatal traffic accidents (69 pedestrians, 14 bicyclists, and 107 motor vehicle occupants) between 2002 and 2006 was collected from databases of medico-legal autopsies. The role of victims in accidents, the location of injuries, cause of death, survival period, and blood alcohol levels were evaluated. One-hundred and forty-one (74%) victims had a passive role in traffic as pedestrians, passengers in cars, or public transport. In victims who died at the scene, the rate of head injury was higher than in cases who received medical treatment (odds ratio = 2.58, CI = 1.2-5.55, p = 0.0127). These results underline the importance of postmortem studies to examine the pathomechanism of fatal traffic accidental injuries and to provide information for the prevention of road traffic accidents against children and adolescents.     

The Politics of Child Prostitution in South Africa

This paper argues that policies, interventions and discourses pertaining to child prostitution have been guided by overarching political agendas that have masked the underlying structural basis of this phenomenon. These political agendas have shifted in accordance with the locus of power, control and resistance in South Africa since the nineteenth century. On the basis of a historical analysis this paper identifies distinct periods in which child prostitution was used to legitimate policies in favour of social control rather than social development. In the colonial period, child prostitution was used to justify stricter controls on adolescent and adult women's sexuality and movement by colonial and traditional patriarchal authorities. In the colonial and Apartheid periods, policies on child prostitution were informed by fears of miscegenation and sexually transmitted diseases, which were used to support the racist and oppressive legislation of sexual behaviour. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the issue of child prostitution was ‘discovered’ in the press both to deflect attention from the incarceration of juveniles during the 1987 State of Emergency and as the basis upon which liberals attacked the Apartheid state. In the latter half of the 1990s and 2000s, it was used by the African National Congress (ANC) government to attack the moral legacy left by the Apartheid state and in turn deflect responsibility for the root causes of this phenomenon. Furthermore, child prostitution was used to support stricter controls on adult sex workers and on the movement of undocumented migrants. This politicised and sensationalist approach has undermined detailed analysis of the root causes of this phenomenon and children's motivation for engaging in prostitution. For many children in South Africa it has been one means by which they can exercise their agency and power in order to ensure their survival in the face of high levels of socio-economic deprivation and rapid socio-cultural change. This paper therefore proposes a shift from policies and interventions centred on social control to social development, based on an in-depth understanding of children's agency, risk and resilience.     

我国青少年灾难心理素质影响因素评估基于Logit和Ordered Probit模型的估计

基于全国性问卷调研数据,综合运用Logit和OrderedProbit回归模型,分析了个人、家庭、学校、社会四个层面中的13种因素对我国青少年灾难心理素质的影响作用,并且分城乡进行了稳健性检验。发现学校、家庭、社区、媒体、自我教育时促进青少年灾难心理素质的提升具有重要影响作用;自我教育是增强青少年灾难意志的最关键因素;学校、家庭、社区、媒体对青少年灾难意志的培养教育缺失或存在偏差;女性和农村青少年的灾难认知水平显著低于男性和城市青少年;母亲受教育程度高的青少年灾难意志更薄弱。在此基础上,提出充分发挥各灾难教育因素的教育功能,探索各灾难教育因素之间的协作联动机制,充分激发青少年自我教育潜能,着力弥补灾难意志教育维度的缺失或偏差等建议。     

中国汉族6～18周岁人群下颌恒牙钙化的性别差异研究

目的通过对中国汉族男女6～18周岁人群全口曲面断层影像上所显示的下颌左侧牙齿钙化程度进行比较研究,探究牙齿生长发育的性别差异,为建立用牙齿推断中国汉族儿童及青少年年龄的线性回归模型提供理论依据。方法通过对13491张(男6568张,女6923张)中国汉族6～18周岁儿童及青少年全口曲面断层影像的牙齿钙化规律进行研究,建立牙齿钙化的分级标准,并对下颌恒牙进行分级评分;数据用SPSS 13.0软件处理。结果非参数检验结果显示大部分年龄组下颌左侧8颗恒牙钙化分级值性别间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在8颗恒牙发育程度同等条件下,女性年龄比男性小0.303岁。结论中国汉族6～18周岁人群牙齿发育存在着性别差异;在利用牙齿钙化程度建立推断中国汉族儿童及青少年年龄的方程模型时,应分性别建模。