国企公司化改制的关键:有效的公司治理

多数国有大中型企业实行公司化改制后 ,经营状况依然不佳 ,其直接原因在于公司的治理存在严重的问题和缺陷。现代公司虽然不可避免地出现代理问题 ,但规范的公司治理结构能有效缓解代理问题 ,使得现代公司制企业表现出强大的生命力。而国有企业的产权残缺性使公司治理结构中的直接监督和间接监督等有效的缓解代理问题的手段不能得到充分发挥。因此只有通过股权结构的分散化调整 ,使国有股不占控股地位 ,从而弱化国有产权代表在公司治理活动中的作用。与此同时 ,这也能充分发挥非国有股权所有者的积极作用。只有这样 ,国有企业公司化改制才能建立有效的公司治理结构 ,提高国有企业的运行效率     

`Subjects' of Regulation/Resistance? Postmodern Feminism and Agency in Abortion-Decision-Making

This article explores the epistemological and strategic issues facing feminists embarking upon narrative explorations into women's experiences. It considers the implications for feminist epistemology of acknowledging women's participation in dominant ideologies about their social role. Focusing upon questions of women's agency, it asks how this `conforming knowledge' might complicate postmodernist feminist notions of resisting and reconstructing law's categorisation of `Woman'. It also represents an attempt to clarify, in advance of my own analysis of women's agency in abortion decision-making, why postmodern feminists might talk to women – the `subjects' of law's constructive power. It seeks additionally to open a discussion among a wider audience of feminists about what we might do with the information uncovered through listening to women's own stories in an area pronounced upon authoritatively by a multitude of discourses. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Benevolent Prince in Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">Teutscher Fürsten Stat</Emphasis> with Special Consideration of the Prince’s Revenues,Regalia and Taxes

The applicability of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) to the public sphere is examined with the use of institutional legal theory. First, Oliver E. Williamson's 1985 general theory of private governance structures is analyzed. Following on this, his 1999 attempt at extending the theory to capture governance structures in the public sphere as well, is analyzed with the use of the insights gained from the first stage. Finally, on the basis of the whole two-stage analysis, an attempt is made at solving some fundamental problems concerning the applicability of TCE to public governance. JEL Classification: B52, D73, H11, K0, L22, L33     

政府的基本职能:代理与服务--国家起源的政治学与经济学再解读

国家与公众之间形成的契约关系、委托代理关系和交换关系,是政治学与经济学国家理论一致的解释.政府的基本职能应该以公众的委托为核心,以成本收益为政府产出的原则.政府与公众之间的委托代理特性导致政府的"败德行为"很难避免,强化政府的代理理念与服务理念就成为政府履行与公众之间的委托代理约定的关键一环.     

社会服务机构引入市场营销理念的困境及出路

社会主义市场经济条件下,社会服务机构有必要适时引入市场营销理念。但由于社会服务机构自身的特性,引入“顾客导向”的市场营销理念在管理技巧上遇到重重阻力,所以,必须对社会服务机构专业人员进行市场管理知识的培训,加强社会服务机构之间的交流与合作,促进市场营销理念在服务机构内扩散,成为企业文化的一部分。     

Between the street and Aso Rock*: the role of Nigerian trade unions in popular protests

The trade unions’ instrumental role in four decades of successful popular resistance against subsidy removals is widely recognised, but insufficiently understood due to inadequate consideration of the particularities of labour. The subsidy contestations are considered a barometer of Nigerian politics, and the 2012 subsidy protests – often referred as Occupy Nigeria – was one of the largest popular mobilisations in Nigerian history. Whereas unionists described the outcome as a successful demonstration of popular sovereignty, other protesters blamed the unions for unfulfilled democratic opportunities and for succumbing to bribery. With labour theoretical perspectives, this article critically examines the trade unions’ positions, actions and relations during those protests. The article demonstrates, in practice, not only how the unions’ capacities to mobilise, strike and negotiate, were instrumental to the reinstatement of the subsidy, but also how trade unions’ agency is both enabled and constrained by labour's multiple embeddedness in state, civil society and the market.     

Workplace regimes in Sino-Mozambican construction projects: resentment and tension in a divided workplace

Based on a qualitative study of Chinese-led construction projects in Mozambique, this article explores how Chinese engagement in the construction sector affects workplace regimes. The study addresses the following set of questions: What characterises these workplace regimes, and why do the workplace regimes give rise to resentment and tension amongst Mozambican workers? Furthermore, how is labour agency constrained or enabled within these workplace regimes? The data reveals that Chinese companies in Mozambique are granted great freedom to develop workplace regimes as they see fit, characterised by functional flexibility, low pay and few benefits. Furthermore, the creation of a divided workplace, with separate workplace regimes for Chinese and Mozambican workers, exacerbates resentment amongst Mozambican workers. The Mozambican workers employ multiple strategies to express their discontent, but labour agency is constrained by weak national institutional support, and lack of alternative employment opportunities in the local labour market.     

International Public Goods and Agency Problems in Treaty Organizations

This paper analyzes the extent to which international public goods and agency problems are present in international organizations. A noncooperative model of the funding choices of donor countries and the subsequent policy choices of an international agency is used to develop hypotheses about the behavior of ideal and problematic international agencies. The analysis suggests that international agencies are likely to be underfunded and undermonitored relative to that which maximizes the joint interest of signatory countries. The funding and policy implications of the model are tested using data from the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The statistical results suggest that (i) treaty obligations affect behavior of Annex 1 and non-Annex 1 countries, (ii) GEF’s allocation of grants generally advances the international environmental agenda, and (iii) significant free-riding and agency problems exist in GEF as it is presently organized. Overall, the empirical results suggest that treaty organizations may be relatively effective, if not perfect, instruments of international public policy.      

派出机构法律地位及改革思路的若干思考

派出机构是行政机关为更好地实现其对国家事务和社会事务的管理而设立的一种行政组织,遍布行政管理的各个领域。在行政执法、行政复议以及行政诉讼中,派出机构视不同情形具有不同的法律地位。目前派出机构在设置、职能、管理以及监督方面都存在不少问题,需要通过立法加强对其法律规制。     

韩日政府信息公开制度及对我国的启示

韩日政府信息公开制度确立较早,取得了大量经验。我国政府信息公开制度还处在起步、发展阶段。借鉴韩日政府信息公开制度的经验,逐步夯实我国政府信息公开的社会基础;树立我国政府信息公开的正确理念;确定我国政府信息公开的合理范围;建立政府信息公开的审议机构;完善我国政府信息公开的制度体系。