共同正犯相关问题研究

作者探讨共同正犯的相关问题 ,提出共同正犯是共犯类型 ,并对国外刑法理论关于共同正犯理论的犯罪共同说、行为共同说和意思主体共同说进行了评析 ,提出了共同正犯成立的基本范围 ,分析了共同正犯的主观要件和实行行为形态 ,并就共谋共同实行行为、继承的共同实行行为、分担的共同实行行为等存在较大争议的问题进行分析 ,提出了自己观点。     

Information strategy： An analysis framework

Strategic information requirements define which information an enterprise needs to operate and manage its business. These requirements are told ＂strategic＂, since they are at a very high abstraction level, and reflect what managers want to know about operations. In an ideal world, managers would simply express their needs in natural language and the analyst will translate them in actual systems. To get close to these ideal results, a key point is to structure requirements and go from a strategic level, suitable for managers but not for IT analysts, from a semantic level, suitable for IT analysts. For this purpose, we here present an approach to strategic information requirements elicitation （SIRE）. It includes a meta-model, analysis steps and a software tool. The meta-model describes the information domains of the enterprise. The design steps specify the activities the analyst should perform to go from a strategic level to an engineering level. SIRE is based on some key ideas. First, an enterprise processes information made of universal information domains, which include stakeholders, products, process and contexts. By specializing these domains, the analyst identifies domains specific to individual enterprises. Second, whatever domain includes different information types： Master information that defines structural properties, transaction information that describes events, indicators that describe performances. By crossing information domains and types the analyst identifies strategic information entities （SIE）. The method requires few definitions and is readily understood by management and users. Of course, it can be used to design new systems. Additionally, it can be used in information systems planning to assess the coverage of current systems （fill-gap analysis）. The tool enables to store high level schemas that can be mapped against real database schemas of commercial software platforms to understand their coverage.     

同性性犯罪的有关问题

在我国,由于社会传统文化的影响和法律制度的不健全,同性性犯罪中受害者的权利得不到有效保障。因此,有必要借鉴国外立法经验,加大对同性性犯罪的法律控制,加强对同性恋群体权利的研究和保护。     

Psychiatric and Forensic Differences Between Men Charged with Sex Offences and Men Charged with Other Offences

Studies on differences between individuals convicted of sexual offences and nonsexual offences are sparse and there is an on-going debate as to whether sexual offenders differ from other offenders. The primary aim of this study was to determine demographic characteristics, prevalence of mental disorders, alcohol and drug use at the time of the crime and the criminal responsibility of individuals charged with sexual offences, compared to nonsexual crimes, with the aim of bringing awareness to the similarities and differences between men charged with sex offences and those charged with other crimes. This is a single-institution retrospective study of subjects charged with sexual offences and sent for institutional psychiatric evaluation to a Forensic Psychiatric Centre in an urban, academic, tertiary-care center. The control group consisted of individuals charged with nonsexual offences referred to the same center. Results showed significant differences between individuals charged with sexual offences and nonsexual offences. Men charged with sex offences more frequently committed their crimes alone and victimized children equally as often as adults. They also less frequently pleaded guilty in court. They were more likely to be abused in childhood and more often had antisocial personality disorder and paraphilias and less often substance-related disorders. The majority were considered criminally responsible. Our results show that sex offenders are different from nonsex offenders in many characteristics of their personal history, offence characteristics and forensic evaluations and these particular differences warrant different approaches to the prevention of future re-offending, compared to nonsex offenders.     

“套路贷”犯罪罪数认定问题探析

“套路贷”犯罪触犯的基本罪名是诈骗罪。由于“索债”行为的多样性，同时又可能触犯寻衅滋事、强迫交易、敲诈勒索、抢劫或绑架等十余种罪名。认定罪数既要立足于法益保护，坚持全面评价，又要注重人权保障，禁止重复评价，还要符合认知规律，做到整体评价。行为人虚构事实、隐瞒真相，设立虚假债务后，通过滋扰、纠缠、哄闹、聚众造势等非法“索债”，目的行为和手段行为分别触犯不同罪名的，择重罪处罚；通过虚假诉讼非法“索债”的，择重罪从重处罚；通过暴力、胁迫、绑架等直接“索债”的，诈骗行为升级为抢劫、绑架等重度侵财犯罪；在侵财犯罪之外侵害被害人其他法益，构成犯罪的，数罪并罚。     

A Review of: “Rebecca Knuth. Burning Books and Leveling Libraries. Extremist Violence and Cultural Destruction.”

In the 1970s, Western European countries were hit hard by terrorism, especially by international terrorism that crossed borders easily and allowed terrorists of different origins to carry out attacks against both governments and people. Consequently, the necessity of fighting this menace also extended to international organisations. This article looks at how the Council of Europe dealt with the issue, and assesses the negotiations that led to the Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism from the German perspective. West Germany was very interested in establishing a sounder international legal framework against terrorism and thought that the Council of Europe would be able to make an important contribution by abolishing the political offence exception that had so far been a core feature of most extradition treaties. This clause allowed political criminals to escape punishment by fleeing to a country that would deny extradition to a different country on the grounds of the political nature of the act committed by the person in question. The article gives an account and analysis of the complex negotiations that finally resulted in the adoption of the Convention in 1977, as well as of the problems encountered and compromises reached during these negotiations.     

The relationship between schemas and offence supportive attitudes in mentally disordered sexual offenders

Abstract

The study of schemas in sexual offenders is a relatively new approach in attempts to understand the deviant beliefs and attitudes of sexual offenders. Emerging findings suggest that offence supportive attitudes may be the product of an offender's underlying schemas. This study aims to establish the relationship between offence supportive attitudes and schemas in a sample of mentally disordered sexual offenders (MDSOs). Thirty-one male sexual offenders held within low through high security forensic mental health units were assessed using the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Version 3 and the Questionnaire on Attitudes Consistent with Sex Offending. Correlational analyses suggested a pattern of relationships in which Insufficient Self-control, Entitlement and Enmeshment arose as the schemas associated with most offence supportive attitudes. This supports a relationship between schemas and offence supportive attitudes in MDSOs and is consistent with the literature to date. Implications for further research and treatment are considered.     

共同犯罪中犯罪中止有效性问题研究

共同犯罪的犯罪中止是犯罪中止形态的一种特殊形态。对它的认定,应当从共同犯罪理论与犯罪中止制度入手,不仅要考虑到共同犯罪的性质及各个共同犯罪人在共同犯罪中影响力和作用力的不同,更要考虑到中止制度的理论价值与实践意义。     

论我国刑法中的加重犯

就加重犯的法律性质而言,其中结果加重犯、包容加重犯、连续加重犯具有独立的犯罪构成,其它加重犯则不具备独立犯罪构成,只是一种量刑上的概念。在加重犯的分类问题上,应当以其法律性质和法条规定作为双层标准,对加重犯进行分类。在加重犯的罪名问题上,不应当对其单独设置罪名,而应采取罪名暗示的办法。