Juvenile Facial Growth and Mimicry: A Preliminary 3D Study

Studies focused on facial development during childhood have been conducted by means of 3D technology to provide modifications of anthropometric parameters. Facial mobility was also considered. This study proposed a 3D approach to facial growth changes. Facial surface data of 6 subjects were acquired in T1 (age 7–14 years) and after 7 years (T2), in rest position, and during voluntary movements, by a 3D laser scanner. Linear and angular measurements on rest position scans at T1 and T2 were compared. Each mimic scan was superimposed with the corresponding rest scan. Displacement of significant anthropometric points was measured for each facial gesture and at T1 and T2 statistically compared. Vertical measurements were those most influenced by aging. Some measurements of central facial area were consistent over time. The pattern of soft tissues displacement for each expression was consistent in T1 and T2. These results may be helpful for missing children identification.     

纸张被溶液浸泡老化的变化规律研究

目的研究纸张在水及常见溶液中被浸泡老化条件下所发生的变化及规律。方法对纸张分别用纯水、茶水、5%氢氧化钠溶液和5%硫酸溶液进行溶液浸泡老化实验。结果纸张被不同溶液浸泡老化后,和无浸泡条件纸张相比,在表观特征、荧光强度和反射光谱特征等方面均有不同程度的变化。结论此实验结果可为检验可疑文件是否被溶液浸泡老化提供依据。     

Quantitative Assessment of the Sternal Rib End Morphology and Implications for Its Application in Aging Human Remains

Intercostal and age differences in the sternal rib end morphology of documented female skeletons from Spitalfields and St. Bride's are examined. The morphology was captured using three‐dimensional morphometrics and the statistical analyses employed included parametric and nonparametric MANOVA, discriminant analysis, and multilinear regressions. It was found that the quantified morphology of the sternal rib end was statistically significantly different between rib four and all other ribs except for the third one and that the morphological characteristics of all ribs varied with age. However, due to the inherent variability in sternal rib end morphology, nonstatistically significant results were obtained among the various age groups and neither disciminant nor multilinear regression analysis could be used for the estimation of the age of an individual based on digitized coordinates of the sternal rib end of individuals of known age, raising some concern as to the rigorousness of the fourth rib aging method.     

比较视野下适老化改造的国际经验与中国路径

适老化改造是当代实现居家养老的前提条件,已成为各国应对人口快速老龄化的基本政策。国内自2013年新《老年人权益保障法》强调建设老年宜居环境以来,各地开始推动老年人生活环境的改善,但由于责任主体不明、操作程序不清等诸多问题,改造成效相对有限。较早步入老龄化的西方发达国家已普遍实施居家适老化改造,建构了一套切实可行的制度体系和服务路径。本文通过比较分析美国、日本、瑞典在不同福利政策下形成的适老化改造实践,总结这些国家的典型做法和先进经验,进而提出我国适老化改造的规范化建议及可行性路径,以解决环境设施和老龄社会要求之间日益凸显的矛盾。     

Never late: Unwelcome desires and diasporas in Chavela Vargas’ last works

Theodor Adorno, and Edward Said after him, theorized late style as a discrepant musical orientation at odds with what is expected, desired, or current. Late work is musical work formulated by an older subject that refuses to retire quietly and with docility. While Adorno and Said discuss Classical-period music, the author is interested in engaging this concept in thinking about the recalcitrant rancheras and boleros of a lesbian, migrant, and aged musical performer of the early twenty-first century, Chavela Vargas (1919–2012). She examines a couple of Vargas’ last works, Cupaima (2006) and ¡Por mi |Culpa! (2010), paying particular attention to how her aesthetic choices continue to de-form the classic repertoire of rancheras and boleros. The entwining of beloved, familiar lyrics and melodies with details that recall invisible and hyper-visible subjects, namely migrants and indigenous communities, result in unexpected, repellent musicality. Inspired by feminist and queer theory, the author examines how her later body of work conveys an unbearable sonic assessment of contemporary struggles of those unwelcome, despised, and outside neo-liberal chronology.     

A Test of a Recently Devised Method of Estimating Skeletal Age at Death using Features of the Adult Acetabulum

Estimation of age at death from adult skeletal remains is highly problematic, due in great part to interpopulation variability in skeletal age changes. Thorough testing of aging methods is therefore of key importance. A method recently devised by Calce (Am J Phys Anthropol 148 (2012): 11–23) for placing adult skeletons into three broad age at death classes (17–39, 40–64, 65+ years) on the basis of acetabular morphology is tested on a collection of 18–19th century AD skeletons (N = 185) of documented age at death from London. Results showed that 45% were correctly assigned to age class using this method. This compares with 81% reported by Calce on 20th century North American material. This indicates significant interpopulation differences in the relationship between the Calce acetabular variables and age, even between populations of European ancestry. Until the sources of this variation are better understood, caution should be used before applying this method to estimate age in unknown skeletons.     

国外老年福利事业的新趋势及其启示

当今世界各国老人福利事业呈现出保障对象全民化、安养方式多样化、资金投入多元化、服务手段现代化的新走向,要在吸收其有用成分的基础上,使我国的老人福利政策不断有所创新.     

重视和加强老年人力资源的开发,促进和谐社会的发展

文中从老年人力资源可开发性和紧迫性的理论分析入手,结合当前我国老年人力资源开发与管理实践中存在的实际问题,探讨和论述我国老年人力资源开发的策略与措施,促进我国人力资源开发与管理实践,推动我国老年人事业的健康发展。     

将遗属保险引入社会保障制度的思考

现行的养老金制度没有从社会性别角度进行设计。男性老人是社会保障制度的主要受益者,不少老年妇女被置于社会安全网之外,经济上处于弱势地位,生存现状堪忧。人口老龄化及家庭的变化使得非正规的社会保障制度失去稳定性,市场经济增加了子女保障的风险,由于高丧偶率,老年妇女很容易陷入贫困。在中国,有限的遗属救济方式存在制度性缺陷,将遗属保险引入社会保障制度,可以有效保障老年妇女的经济安全,预防和解决丧偶老年妇女的贫困问题。     

计划生育无后家庭民生关怀体系研究——以辽宁省辽阳市调研为例

本文根据文献研究、实地调研和案例分析,提出计划生育无后家庭面临三个打击;发现独生子女夭亡父母存在六种心理和三大愿望;提出新时期人口和计划生育改革和发展的方向,并建议国家尽快确立＂善政为民,良策福民＂的人口福利政策和＂特别关注,重点关爱,持续关怀＂的核心价值理念,迅速启动＂计生特殊困难家庭特别关怀行动＂,建构计划生育无后家庭民生关怀体系。还提出相应的家庭关怀理论和特殊家庭关怀方针。