美国现代都市警务运行模式及其启示——以洛杉矶市警察局为例

美国警察体制起源于英国,具有警察权力严格受法律制约、警务由地方管理、警务工作受社区影响等特点。美国警察机构复杂多样,同时存在着联邦警察、州警察、城市警察和县(郡)警察及特种警察、私人保安机构等不同层级。美国是个城市化的国家,因而造就了城市警察独特而又先进的管理体制、运行模式、组织结构、社区警务、指挥调度、教育训练及基层警务工作等。这对于我国的警务改革具有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于学科价值的行政管理专业人才培养模式变革

近年来,行政管理专业的发展遇到了很多问题,许多高校甚至开始考虑撤掉这个专业。诸如在人才培养目标定位模糊、课程设置泛化、教学过程僵化等方面,行政管理专业的问题愈发凸显。面对这一现实,行政管理专业迫切需要寻求自身存续和发展的突破点,回归专业建设之初的本心,重新追溯、审视、反思其学科价值,在对自身知识价值、育人价值及发展价值的追问、探讨、澄清、挖掘中寻找摆脱现实困境的方法,在此基础上对人才培养模式予以调整、重塑与变革。从学科价值的角度来说,这不仅体现的是一个专业对于社会的责任、对于学生的责任,更是对于自身存续发展的责任。     

宁波市信用信息管理立法的冲突与衡平

近年来,信用领域成为立法创新的新版图,但密集立法引起的法律冲突问题需要重视。《宁波市企业信用监管和社会责任评价办法》和《宁波市公共信用信息实施办法》的冲突反映了立法创新和稳妥改革两种价值的矛盾。企业信用监管不等于企业信用信息监管;对公共信用信息管理单独立法合乎我国信用立法的大趋势;两个《办法》冲突的衡平之道是废止《评价办法》。     

知识产权管理和保障的政府职能研究——以陕西省产业技术创新战略联盟为例

产业技术创新战略联盟的良性发展,有赖于规范高效的知识产权管理和保障机制。从一定意义上讲,以政策立法为依据的政府知识产权激励、保障、服务和监督规范四大职能构成了联盟知识产权外部管理和保障机制的核心要素。健全产业技术创新战略联盟政府知识产权管理保障职能,应建立更为完整细致的知识产权规范体系,改进知识产权激励职能,优化知识产权服务职能,健全知识产权保障职能,明确知识产权监督规范职能。     

人工智能与公共管理研究:技术可能性、议题重构和治理创新

人工智能对于人类社会的变革影响引起了公共管理领域的普遍重视,但在强人工智能以及人工智能必然导致自动化、智能化社会形态的前提假设下,相关研究可能继承了技术决定论的局限思维,从而低估了人工智能对于人类社会的潜在贡献。自然科学视角对于强人工智能的否定揭示了人工智能所具有的多种技术可能性,在此基础上从个体、组织、全球三个层面的议题重构更多强调人类自身以及人类社会活动的产物对于人工智能发展及其社会变革过程的影响,而由此启发学科、制度、政策三方面治理创新进而推动相关理论和实践以更为开放的态度面对新技术带来的变革与影响。     

What Foster the Climate for Merit?: Test of a Mediation Model

ABSTRACT

The failure of performance management in the public sector can be conceived as the failure to create the right climate for merit. This study proposes a mediation model explaining howorganizational climate for merit can be fostered. The analysis of the 2015 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey reveals that constructive use of effective performance feedback and encouraging participation will help create a climate for merit and that such associations were mediated by organizational justice perception and trust toward their supervisor.     

Fighting risk with risk: solar radiation management,regulatory drift,and minimal justice

ABSTRACT

Solar radiation management (SRM) has been proposed as a means of mitigating climate change. Although SRM poses new risks, it is sometimes proposed as the ‘lesser evil’. I consider how research and implementation of SRM could be regulated, drawing on what I call a ‘precautionary checklist’, which includes consideration of the longer term political implications of technical change. Particular attention is given to the moral hazard of ‘regulatory drift’, in which strong initial regulation softens through complacency, deliberate deregulation (‘regulatory gift’) and the limited constituency of people with the skills to regulate (‘thin markets’). I propose the strengthening of civil society groups to keep regulators in check.     

外行领导内行?——专业型组织、专家型领导与新冠肺炎疫情防控

专业型组织或知识密集型组织的核心员工都是专业人士,如何对他们进行有效领导一直存在争议。专家型领导理论认为要内行领导内行,但干部管理制度在实际运行时通常导致外行领导内行。本文以新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控为案例,对地方卫生健康部门的领导干部履历进行分析,探究如何通过专家型领导来强化科学防控。对于专业型组织而言,应尽可能选派专家型领导,不应过分强调内行领导内行,专业知识和技能只是领导胜任力的维度之一。不同层级和部门的领导干部需要具备不同的能力组合,可以通过加强轮岗和培训来提升他们的全面领导能力。     

Understanding the Magic of Credibility for Political Leaders: A Case of India and Narendra Modi

The field of political marketing has majorly benefited from the use of social media platforms. This has been true both for eastern and western contexts. The primary areas in political marketing that have majorly benefited from the social media usage have been the political leader and the evaluations of the leader by the voters. In the Indian context too, the use of social media techniques has been hailed as the Holy Grail of political marketing. This estimation is quite apposite. Nevertheless, what must not be forgotten is that the complexities of the bonding between political leaders and voters are not only premised primarily on the efficacy of social media techniques but also include other key dimensions. Thus, this article focuses on the importance of credibility as a key dimension. This dimension is inevitable to make social media techniques as effective as they are in political marketing. To substantiate this, we have comprehensively engaged with the fields such as traits of political leaders, crisis management and collaboration. These deliberations have been contextualized to the case of Narendra Modi, the prime minister of India. Further, these deliberations culminate in an effective framework. Academicians and practitioners of political marketing can extensively utilize this framework.     

A mission-driven research program on solar geoengineering could promote justice and legitimacy

ABSTRACT

Over the past decade or so, several commentators have called for mission-driven research programs on solar geoengineering, also known as solar radiation management (SRM) or climate engineering. Building on the largely epistemic reasons offered by earlier commentators, this paper argues that a well-designed mission-driven research program that aims to evaluate solar geoengineering could promote justice and legitimacy, among other valuable ends. Specifically, an international, mission-driven research program that aims to produce knowledge to enable well-informed decision-making about solar geoengineering could (1) provide a more effective way to identify and answer the questions that policymakers would need to answer; and (2) provide a venue for more efficient, effective, just, and legitimate governance of solar geoengineering research; while (3) reducing the tendency for solar geoengineering research to exacerbate international domination. Thus, despite some risks and limitations, a well-designed mission-driven research program offers one way to improve the governance of solar geoengineering research relative to the ‘investigator-driven’ status quo.