Regulatory harmonization and agricultural biotechnology in Argentina and China: Critical assessment of state‐centered and decentered approaches

The international harmonization of technology‐related regulations seeks certain norms across diverse contexts. Harmonization efforts are based primarily on the promulgation of state‐centered command and control forms of regulation, though they may also be accompanied by the diffusion of more plural approaches that are decentered from the state. We contrast the ways in which the “proper” use of transgenic cotton seed technologies is understood in harmonizing regulations with the way this technology is used in practice in regions of Argentina and China. We find divergence that poses challenges for both state‐centered and decentered approaches to harmonization. While state‐centered approaches are blind to some critical processes on the ground, decentered strategies are found wanting in situations where norms remain deeply contested amongst actors situated in very uneven power relations. In both cases, we find that establishing and securing norms that are socially just and environmentally sustainable means attending much more explicitly to the political economies in which technological practices actually take root.     

市场导向下的山地农业区产业扶贫研究

产业扶贫作为解决山地农业区贫困的重要手段,通过开发符合市场需求的产业让农民脱贫致富。受市场发育不完善,产业发展供需不协调的影响,当前山地农业区扶贫产业市场导向不足、可持续性不强。从山地农业区的产业形态看,产业仍以传统种养殖业为主,重生产、轻销售,培育依靠行政主导。山地农业市场趋向弱、效益低与独特的自然地理环境、农业自身产业属性和社会组织条件相关。增强山地农业区扶贫产业市场导向需要解决好产品供需问题,优化发展环境,结合本地优势选择特色产业,注重拓宽销售渠道,完善产业保障体系,以产业的持续效益带动农民增收致富。     

Fengxian County – A Model for China’s New Countryside简

正EVERY time we travel to the countryside for an interview,we gain a new understanding of China that transcends that of large metropolises like Beijing and Shanghai.Fengxian County of Jiangsu Province offered us just that;its steps towards rural transformation and development show what can be done to help the countryside reclaim its dynamism.     

Insurances as a Method of Reducing the Financial Consequences of Environmental Disasters

On the market of industrial customers in the European Union （EU） as well in Poland have not yet been disseminated information related to environmental threats. The purpose of this study is seeking understanding and analyzing the functioning of business insurance as a method of financing the effects of environmental disasters, potential environmental threats, the costs of restoring the polluted environment to its original form. The design of the article was subordinated to the thesis according to which business insurance can be a method of financing the risk of environmental damages and prevention for protecting against the effects of these disasters. According to the subject of discussion it used： elemental analysis--if the object of study requires the distribution of the elements without looking for mutual dependence between them; casual analysis--when there was a need of looking for the cause-effect relationships between the elements of the object of the study.     

我国农田土壤环境保护法治路径研究

农田土壤环境危机频现。本文系统梳理了现有关于农田土壤环境的法律制度,提出农田土壤环境保护两大路径即政府主导和农业生产经营者主导,鉴于政府主导的缺陷和农田土壤环境的特殊性,文章建议在农田土壤环境保护中以农业生产经营者为主导。农业生产经营者要担当起农田土壤环境保护的重任,立法应当明确赋予农业生产经营者科学合理使用、防止侵害、治理改良等一系列权利义务。当违反权利义务时,农业生产经营者会被政府行政部门追究相应的法律责任,从而保证农田土壤环境保护走向法治化的轨道。     

论国际经济制裁对海上保险的影响——以伊朗制裁为例

国际经济制裁是国际社会为实现特定的政治目的而针对特定对象施加的直接或间接限制或禁止其经济活动、资产利益的强制措施.联合国、欧盟、美国均对伊朗实施了经济制裁,涉及贸易、航运领域,相关制裁规则的制定及执行在理论和实践层面对海上保险的提供、理赔等环节均产生了诸多障碍.中国也不可避免地受到了国际经济制裁的影响,欲维持国家能源和经济安全,中国可在制裁规则的框架内或突破制裁规则予以应对.     

医疗执业风险行业内分担机制的初步探讨

为有效规避和转移医疗执业风险、解除医疗机构和医务人员的后顾之忧,本文对设立与完善医疗执业风险行业内分担机制的必要性和可行性进行探讨。通过深人分析本文认为,通过整合社会各方面力量和医疗行业内的资源,建立医疗责任商业保险机制,可分担医疗执业风险,维护社会和谐与稳定。     

海上保险代位求偿权之民法法源研究

针对《中华人民共和国保险法》和《中华人民共和国海商法》下就海上保险代位求偿权的相关法律规定,和保险代位求偿实务中出现的具体问题,采取定性分析法,提出在中国民商合一的立法体制下,保险代位求偿制度是民法中“公平原则”与保险法“补偿愿则”所奥合而成的必然产物,其民事本质为法定的债权转移。在该定性的前提下,对中国现行立法中的相关规定加以解释梳理,结合司法实践对保险代位求偿制度在英美法系和大陆法系下的不同进行比较分析,并从民法的角度对该制度加以完善,以求解决实践中可能出现的问题。     

完善我国失业保险法律制度的若干问题简

失业保险法律制度是我国社会保障法律体系中的重要组成部分,具有预防失业、促进就业或再就业、抑制经济波动和维护社会稳定的独特功能.我国《社会保险法》虽然专章规定了失业保险法律制度,但该法中过多的授权性条款,加大了执法的难度和不确定性.现行《失业保险条例》属于国务院颁布的行政法规,在效力层次上不高,法律规定不尽完善.借鉴国外失业保险的立法经验,我国应结合国情制定《失业保险法》.     

欺诈骗取医保基金风险防范的国际比较

采取文献分析法梳理国内外欺诈骗取医保基金风险防范的发展及现况,总结和比较打击欺诈骗保对策,以期为我国提供有价值的参考和建议.欺诈骗保行为的表现形式及成因多样,我国可借鉴国际经验,首要是完善相关法律并成立专门机构,利用大数据技术等手段,加强对医疗服务提供方和需求方的监管.