当代文化发展的产业化潮流及其双重效应

文化产业化是文化经济一体化的显性阶段，由于国情的差异，中西方的文化产业化经历了不同的发展道路，并表现出科教产业、休闲娱乐产业、传媒产业、体育产业等共同的产业形态。当代文化产业化在优化经济结构、推动文化独立以及确保经济与文化可持续发展方面的积极功效明显，但同时也带来了文化价值贬损及享乐主义泛滥的负面效应。     

用“三化同步”推动贵州加速发展

推进工业化、城镇化、农业现代化“三化同步”，是解决贵州发展过“慢”这一主要矛盾的最佳途径。为加快推动贵州农业现代化，文章提出了“一二三四五”的发展思路。     

Farm transmission and the commercialization of agriculture in northern Maine in the second half of the 19th century

The transition to capitalism has been one of the most discussed issues in the historiography of the rural United States in the 18th and 19th centuries, but the typology, and the “market revolution” construed upon it, are problematic. The article explores some of these problems by examining the commercialization of eastern Canadian agriculture, which was a prolonged process starting in the beginning of the 19th century in the St. Lawrence–Great Lakes axis and ending during the 1960s in the outlying parts of Quebec, Ontario, and the Maritime Provinces. It is difficult to identify clear trends in the numbers yielded by evidence from this region for the time period in question. Highly commercial farms were more likely than the others to transfer all their property to their children. Deficit farmers were much more likely than the others to transfer all their property to outsiders. But the data do not support the view that farmers who were keen on turning their farms into moneymaking businesses adopted property transmission practices that were markedly different from the others. And before the 1830s, there was really no need to have strategies in place because land was plentiful.     

Capitalising on the financialisation of agriculture: Cargill’s land investment techniques in the Philippines

This paper has two objectives. First, it aims to analyse how transnational agricultural traders are positioning themselves in, and capitalising on, the financialisation of agriculture. Second, it seeks to position land investments in this process. This is done by situating Cargill – one of the largest agricultural trading companies in the world – into the transformation of agriculture in the world economy and by assessing its strategies of adaption through private equity-driven land investment in the Philippines. The article notes, following Burch and Lawrence, that the transforming position of agriculture is created by reshaping relationships in the agri-food supply chain and is based on the logic of finance capital. An example of this process from the Philippines is provided, where Cargill’s private equity arm – Black River Asset Management– is investing in land through equity acquisitions of a Philippine company, Agrinurture, in a manner that allows the company to adapt to national and local dynamics. The evolving and deepening connection between finance and agriculture is presented first, followed by a discussion of how Cargill fits into this transition in the Philippine context.     

Unintended consequences: social policy,state institutions and the ‘stalling’ of the Malaysian industrialization project

Abstract

This paper examines the relation of particular forms of social and labour market policy to economic development. Taking the history of Malaysian industrialization as its empirical case, the paper assesses the unintended consequences of redistribution policy, on the one hand, and migration policy, on the other, for the limited upgrading of the country's electronics industry. It argues that, while the former has been central to social harmony in Malaysia's multi-racial society, it has contributed to the underdevelopment of small and medium-sized firms capable of linking with the TNCs on the basis of knowledge-intensive and higher value-added operations. Migration policy, on the other hand, has allowed manufacturers to have continued access to supplies of low-cost, lower-skilled labour that have released the pressures that would otherwise have been there for technological and skill upgrading in the electronics industry. Only in Penang, where regional state institutions have intervened to encourage SME upgrading, has the national picture been moderated. Malaysia's industrialization project emerged at time when export competition in manufactured commodities was less intense than it is now. Largely as a result of federal government priorities and for other reasons explored in the paper, advantage was not taken of this ‘window of opportunity’. As a consequence, the country's industrialization project – exemplified by its electronics industry – is now ‘stalling’ in the sense that it remains locked into low- to medium-technology operations. With the rise of China as a manufacturing exporter, this is a dangerous situation for a country's principal industry to be in.     

Club apples: a biology of markets built on the social life of variety

Abstract

Club apples are patented apple varieties, often grown by members of a co-operative who plan the production and marketing of the apples. Drawing on ethnographic work, this paper will use club apples as a case to demonstrate that varieties have shaped the development of the apple industry in ways that resist institutional pressures to commodify the biological features of the apple. Club apples extend social boundaries around varieties in ways that grant growers more control over the market life of the apple and more economic power. The productive opportunities availed in the aliveness of biological materials can be seen to shape competition and the contours of economic markets.     

发展智慧农业问题研究——以广西为例

智慧农业是一种新型农业发展模式,其主要特征是农业思想认识的智慧化,农业生产过程的精细化,农业发展环境的审美化,农业生产运行的系统化,农业产品质量的优质化,农业发展资源的持续化。文章结合广西智慧农业发展的实践经验,探讨我国智慧农业发展的思路,对转变农业经济发展方式,实现农业的持续、稳定、和谐发展具有重要的意义。     

贵州省城镇化、工业化与农业产业化协调发展研究

改革开放以来,中国城镇化、工业化与农业产业化水平都得到了很大的提高,而贵州省的三化水平相对全国平均水平较低,且三化协调程度不足。文章分别从理论和实证的角度分析了贵州城镇化、工业化和农业产业化的互动关系,并针对贵州省城镇化、工业化和农业产业化的发展现状和问题,引入了市场机制来推动城镇化、工业化和农业产业化,并提出实行贸易保护政策和增强内部要素流动、加快农民市民化进程一系列措施。     

“城市农业”的理论思考与施政体现

在中国倡导发展城市农业，不仅意味着将现代农业的科学组织形式引入城市，从而在很大程度上解决生物资源的有序供给和和谐生产，同时，更意味着将大农业的综合组织与空间布局理念引入城市与城市群落的大范围空间布局，从而在很大程度上改变当前中国城市化的主导发展理念：即从同心圆式或摊大饼式的外延式扩张向网络状空间布局扩张的转变；由单纯的资源环境消费型城市向再生型生态城市的转变；由城市扩张对农村的吞并和对农民的驱赶向城乡有机融合及农民的产业工人化转变。为了确保这一转变过程成功，有必要进一步从行政角度廓清城市农业这一概念的含义，以确保它能恰当和有效地体现、贯彻于政府决策和施政之中。同时，一个成功的城市农业发展规划必须有真正创新的发展思路，考虑到中国当前发展主义至上导致的城市发展理论单一性的思想阻力，建议将城市农业的发展理念作为城市发展的重要原则予以推展。     

做好新型农村社会养老保险试点工作的思考

建立健全农村社会保障体系,提高农村社会保障水平,是中央为解决＂三农＂问题而作出的重大战略部署。新型农村社会养老保险试点工作正是贯彻落实这一战略的重要举措。准确把握并认真落实新农保试点的政策措施,切实做好新型农村社会养老保险,确保党的这一民生政策落到实处十分重要。