洪泽湖水污染现状与水源地保护

洪泽湖是江苏省淮安等城市主要的水源地,由于受到淮河等人湖客水和流域内工业、农业与城乡生活污水影响,湖水水质已经下降为劣V类,远远低于国家规定的水源地水质要求。加强洪泽湖水源地保护刻不容缓。该文在对洪泽湖水污染现状调查分析的基础上,从法规、机制、管理等多方面提出了加强洪泽湖水源地保护的措施。     

Identifying the Causes of Issue Attention and Policy Change: Evidence from U.S. Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Policy, 2008

The flow of attention in the policy process is dynamic and disruptive. While we know changes in issue attention often result in policy change, the causal mechanisms underlying the different stages of the attention allocation process remain unclear. This article uses Punctuated Equilibrium Theory to examine an underdeveloped aspect of issue attention within policy‐making institutions: how specific policy indicators influence the entry and exit of issues on policy‐making agendas. Partisan issue attention in the House of Representatives is used to analyze a significant change to U.S. offshore oil and natural gas drilling policy in 2008. The results highlight how historically high gasoline prices precipitated a shift in attention to offshore drilling and subsequent policy change. Moreover, gasoline prices Granger‐cause attention to energy policy in partisan speeches over time. The analysis further reveals how competing policy frames and a salient focusing event shaped congressional and public discourse, leading to subsequent changes in attention. Taken together, the findings broaden our understanding of the policy process by identifying the specific forces behind the entry and exit of issues on the policy‐making agenda.     

The Space Between: Demonization of Opponents and Policy Divergence

Prior research on policy conflicts indicates a tendency among policy actors to misperceive the influence of actors engaged in policy debates based on the degree of distance between their relative policy positions. This research develops a measure for assessing the degree and direction of the misperception effect. This measure is then utilized as a dependent variable to assess the relationship between theoretically relevant factors and the degree to which actors will exaggerate the influence of their opponents and allies. The research uses original survey data of policy actors engaged in the debate over hydraulic fracturing in New York. The results indicate misperceptions of relative influence are prevalent and most associated with the experience of a policy loss and holding relatively extreme policy beliefs. The findings provide new insight into factors that influence the demonization of political opponents. These insights are timely in the context of polarized debates over environmental and energy policy in the United States.     

Climate Change Policy Implementation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Why would countries invest resources to protect the global atmosphere, a global common‐pool resource? After all, this is an open‐access resource with no restrictions on appropriating its benefits. Furthermore, why would they do so under the aegis of a weak global regime (the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC) that has virtually no provisions for sanctioning noncompliance and when the largest contributor to the problem is not participating in the regime? This article examines why a number of countries have implemented the UNFCCC. I hypothesize that countries implement UNFCCC because they corner domestic environmental benefits, namely reduction in local pollution. In my empirical analysis of 127 countries, employing an ordinal logistic regression model, I find that local air pollution is associated with higher levels of implementation of the UNFCCC. Thus, I conclude that the incentives to implement a relatively weak global regime can be found in the domestic political economy.     

浅议不可量物侵害

不可量物侵害是民法上的一个重要概念,我国《物权法》首次规定了这一制度.文章研究了不可量物侵害的性质和各国的立法模式,评价了我国《物权法》相关规定的优缺点,并探究了容忍义务的理论基础,最后阐明了不可量物侵害与环境污染之间的关系.     

欧洲新水政策及其对完善我国水污染防治法的启示

欧盟新水政策建立了相互独立的水管理系统,把所有地表水都应纳入"良好生态状况"和"良好化学状况"的一般性保护中,注意运用综合方法、水价杠杆、广泛的公众参与等保护水环境.我国水污染防治法在立法目的、公众参与、水环境管理体制等方面可以借鉴欧盟新水政策的经验加以完善.     

提起海洋和通海水域污染损害赔偿诉讼主体的几个层面

传统的诉权理论随着人类社会的飞速发展已日渐显露出缺陷与不足 ,在环境与资源保护方面 ,这一问题尤为突出。海洋污染已是人类共同面临的公害 ,却因诉讼主体资格问题在诉权理论与诉讼实践上的链接缺失 ,使环境污染得不到及时有效的司法干预和救济。对该类纠纷 ,应对“利害关系”作扩大化解释和对起诉资格进行放宽。作为提起海洋和通海水域损害赔偿纠纷的诉讼主体 ,本文认为应分三个层面 ,一是与污染损害事实有直接利害关系的公民、法人和其他组织 ;二是具有海洋管理权能的行政部门 ;三是检察机关代表国家提起环境侵权公益公诉。这三个层面共同担当起缺失的守护神——海洋环境污染损害赔偿诉讼的原告主体。     

区域环境颗粒物污染特征研究

通过对北京经济技术开发区开展的大气环境和污染源监测,研究区域环境空气中颗粒物污染特征。根据不同功能区PM10(可吸入颗粒物)浓度空间分布特征和累积效应,表明区内道路扬尘和施工扬尘是该区域大气颗粒物的主要污染源。根据对道路边界的降尘监测,表明施工工地对道路扬尘的影响非常大。对于处于建设发展期的区域,加强施工扬尘和道路扬尘控制是保证空气质量的重要措施。     

信息污染的表现形式及其防治措施

由于信息服务体制不健全,信息市场的无序和失控,直接导致了虚假信息、重复信息、过载信息、缺损信息、误差信息,这种现象被称为信息污染。信息污染扰乱市场秩序,会给国民经济造成巨大损失,我们有必要对信息污染的表现形式、成因、防治措施进行研究。